GMU:Human and Nonhuman Performances II SS16/Smin Kim: Difference between revisions

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== HUMAN AND NONHUMAN PERFORMANCES TWO PROJECT ==
== HUMAN AND NONHUMAN PERFORMANCES TWO PROJECT ==
=Lichen=
[[File:lichen?starts.png|800px]]
====sketches : a plan to install====
<gallery>
Image:lichen_render (3 - 3).png
Image:lichen_render (3 - 4).png
Image:lichen_render (3 - 5).png
</gallery>
3D render
<br>
<br>
This installation work consists of two parts.
The first part is lichen with transferred photography on the stone. Images show a human’s body and fragile emotion. When lichen grows up many years, they might grow above, break images. Yes, it is a long term work, when viewers see it happen. But in daily life, viewers notice that human share with lichen or other organisms certain time but the different scale of time.
The second part is the vibrated water that under the stone. Water is vibrated by the sound wave which comes from the speaker under the water bowl. The sound is affected by data which recorded outside of environment or particular data in human society. (working with Minsoo Hwang) This vibration of water also provides good environmental conditions (humidity and air circulation) to help to grow lichen.
Very slow lichen's growth is a big problem to make an interactive installation.
However paradoxically speaking, it is an interesting aspect to understanding, how we are different but also we live together certain time and spaces. In human's perspective, lichen grows up too slow, but in their perspective, we are too fast to live and die.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Hello<BR/>
My name is Smin Kim. I'm studying Media art and design(M.F.A) at Bauhaus University Weimar.
<BR/>Currently living and working in Weimar.  Nice to see you here!
<BR/>
<BR/>
''':)'''
* [http://www.sminkiminweimar.tumblr.com/ Home]
* [https://www.facebook.com/smin57 Facebook]
<BR/>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== Inspiration ===
=== Inspiration ===
====Liquid Emulsion on stone====
====Liquid Emulsion on stone====
[[File:47A42B53-D753-4855-A4BD-47B1C7994159L0001 2.png|300px]]
<gallery>
<br>>>google search to Liquid Emulsion
Image:47A42B53-D753-4855-A4BD-47B1C7994159L0001 2.png
<br>
</gallery>
<br>
>>google search to Liquid Emulsion
[[File:BC08C4BD-43D5-40DF-BC95-FE82515D4F27L0001.png|300px]]
 
[[File:ECD95C65-0A6F-4050-B555-45C8F17680E0L0001.png|300px]]
<gallery>
<br>'Excavating images', Carolyn Lefley, 2014<br>
Image:BC08C4BD-43D5-40DF-BC95-FE82515D4F27L0001.png
Image:ECD95C65-0A6F-4050-B555-45C8F17680E0L0001.png
</gallery>
'Excavating images', Carolyn Lefley, 2014<br>
Slides to illustrate a paper presented at the RAI Anthropology and Photography conference, British Museum. May 2014
Slides to illustrate a paper presented at the RAI Anthropology and Photography conference, British Museum. May 2014
<br>http://www.slideshare.net/lefley/excavating-images-carolyn-lefley-2014
<br>http://www.slideshare.net/lefley/excavating-images-carolyn-lefley-2014
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


===<h1>Lichen</h1>===
===Lichen===
[[File:92A06BFA-B889-4F21-9184-88D43414B7D1L0001 2.png|300px]]
 
[[File:61677041-627D-477E-BF98-18048394738FL0001.png|300px]]
[[Image:61677041-627D-477E-BF98-18048394738FL0001.png|800px]]
<br>
 
<br>
[[Image:92A06BFA-B889-4F21-9184-88D43414B7D1L0001 2.png|800px]]
A lichen is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria (or both) living among filaments of a fungus in a symbiotic relationship. The combined life form has properties that are very different from the properties of its component organisms. Lichens come in many colors, sizes, and forms. The properties are sometimes plant-like, but lichens are not plants. Lichens may have tiny, leafless branches (fruticose), flat leaf-like structures (foliose), flakes that lie on the surface like peeling paint (crustose),or other growth forms.  
 
<br>
A lichen is a composite organism that algae or (and) cyanobacteria living together in fungus. algae or (and) cyanobacteria produce food for fungus by photosynthesis. And fungus protect algae or (and) cyanobacteria from the environment, fungus gather also moisture and nutrition from the environment. They have a good symbiotic relationship.  
Lichens occur from sea level to high alpine elevations, in a very wide range of environmental conditions, and can grow on almost any surface.
 
Different kinds of lichens have adapted to survive in some of the most extreme environments on Earth: arctic tundra, hot dry deserts, rocky coasts, and toxic slag heaps. They can even live inside solid rock, growing between the grains. Some lichens do not grow on anything, living out their lives blowing about the environment. It is estimated that 6% of Earth's land surface is covered by lichen.
Lichens occur from sea level to high alpine elevations, in a very wide range of environmental conditions, and can grow on almost any surface. Different kinds of lichens have adapted to survive in some of the most extreme environments on Earth: arctic tundra, hot dry deserts, rocky coasts, and toxic slag heaps. They can even live inside solid rock, growing between the grains. Some lichens do not grow on anything, living out their lives blowing about the environment. It is estimated that 6% of Earth's land surface is covered by lichen.
<br>
<br>
<h4>Symbiotic relation</h4>
A lichen is a composite organism that emerges from algae or cyanobacteria living among the filaments (hyphae) of a fungus in a mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationship. The fungus benefits from the algae or cyanobacteria because they produce food by photosynthesis. The algae or cyanobacteria benefit by being protected from the environment by the filaments of the fungus, which also gather moisture and nutrients from the environment, and (usually) provide an anchor to it.
Evidence that lichens are examples of successful symbiosis is the fact that lichens can be found in almost every habitat and geographic area on the planet. Two species in two genera of green algae are found in over 35% of all lichens, but can only rarely be found living on their own outside of a lichen.
<br>
<br>
<h4>Growth rate</h4>
Lichens often have a regular but very slow growth rate of less than a millimeter per year. Different lichen species have been measured to grow as slowly as 0.5 mm, and as fast as 0.5 meter per year.
In crustose lichens, the area along the margin is where the most active growth is taking place. Most crustose lichens grow only 1–2 mm in diameter per year.
<br>
<br>
====distinguish points of Lichen====
<br>
<br>
1. Lichen can live a vary wide range of environmental conditions. They can grow on almost any surface. Different kinds of lichen have adapted to survive in the most extreme ecological conditions. Even they can survive in space station outside of earth.


* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231916243_Lichens-a_promising_source_of_bioactive_secondary_metabolites_Plant_Genet_Resour_3273-287Lichens—a promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites]
2. Lichen takes up a huge amount of carbon dioxide from the air which is released by the burning of forests and other biomass. Max Planck institute of Chemistry discovers that lichens, mosses and algae take up approximately 14 billion tons of carbon dioxide and fix approximately 50 million tons of Nitrogen per year. The especially huge amount of Nitrogen fixed by them and nitrogen is often limiting nutrients all around world especially dry regions. Thus Nitrogen is one of the important nutrient for the ecosystem. [1]  
reports from Joe ̈l Boustie and Martin Grub


3. Lichen often has extremely slow growth rate of less than a millimeter per year. Different lichen species have been measured to grow as slowly as 0.5 mm per year and as fast as 50 centimeters per year [2]


Lichens are characterized as a stable and self-supporting association between fungi—the mycobionts—and photo- autotrophic, algal partners—the photobionts.
4. Distinct physical mechanisms by which lichens break down the raw stone, recent studies indicate lichens attack stone chemically, entering newly chelated minerals into the ecology. [3]
About 18,500 different lichen species have been described all over the world. They may grow under rather diverse and sometimes extreme ecological conditions. Lichens can be found in very cold and dry
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
==== References====
[1] Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, www.mpg.de/9324146/lichens-mosses-nitrous-oxide<br>
[2] Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen#Growth_rate<br>
[3] Chen, Jie; Blume, Hans-Peter; Beyer, Lothar (1 September 1999). "Weathering of rocks induced by lichen colonization<br> - a review" (PDF). Catena - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Soil Science (Elsevier) (Catena 39 2000 121–146): 124. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


===<h1>Growing</h1>===
<h1> Growing</h1>
<h4>Collections</h4>
====Collection====
[[File:lichen_italy_smin.png|300px]]
[[File:lichen_italy_smin.png|800px]]
[[File:lichen_italy_smin04.png|300px]]
<gallery>
[[File:lichen_italy_smin03.png|300px]]
Image:lichen_italy_smin04.png
Image:lichen_italy_smin05.png
Image:lichen_italy_smin02.png
Image:lichen_italy_smin06.png
Image:lichen_italy_smin07.png
Image:lichen_italy_smin03.png
</gallery>
 
<br>
<br>
<h4>Species</h4>
====Species====
                Crustose lichen - Caloplaca and Caloplaca marina<br>
*Crustose lichen - Caloplaca and Caloplaca marina<br>
                Lobate lichen - Lecanora dispersa<br>
*Lobate lichen - Lecanora dispersa<br>
                Endophloelic - Amandinea punctata<br>
*Endophloelic - Amandinea punctata<br>
                Chrysotrix candelaris or chlorina (green yellow)<br>
*Chrysotrix candelaris or chlorina (green yellow)<br>
<br>
<br>
<h4>Conditions</h4>
====Conditions====
                    <br> Keeping lichen in the shade, 24h air circulation, water supplying one time in a day
Keeping lichen in the shade, 24h air circulation, water supplying 2-3 time in a day (Rice water supplying 2 times in a week)
                    <br> (Rice water supplying 2 times in a week)
<br>
<br>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<br>*Lichen on the stone
*Lichen on the stone
<br>An idea about how it looks a stone with lichen.  <br><br>
An idea: how it looks lichen on the stone.
[[File:lichen_proto.png|300px]]


<br>
<gallery>
<br>
Image:lichen_proto.png
<br>
</gallery>
<br>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


===<h1>Methods</h1>====
===Methods===


<h4>Method1 : Liquid emulsion</h4>
====Method1 : Transfer gel medium====
With a liquid silver emulsion applications can be made to a variety of surfaces such as tile, glass, pottery, wood, canvas, stainless steel and coated metals. Brushing, dipping, and spraying are among the techniques employed for applying the emulsion to three-dimensional surfaces.
The Acrylic Gel Lift/Transfer is a process with many stages, ultimately enabling the artist to apply their photographic work to a wide variety of surfaces. The process entails the creation of a positive print, applying acrylic gel to the print, curing the gel, soaking the gel coated print, removing the paper backing, then applying the final suspended ink to a new surface. This exercise will illustrate the non-traditional acrylic side down version of the process that has been developed as a way to further control and manipulate the photograph. It celebrates the old transfer aesthetic of being a reverse of the original capture and allows more manipulation of the ink side before it is sealed. Although it may require more work, patience and care than other transfer processes, it is a wonderful variation and has its own unique aesthetic quality.
<br>
<br>
<br>
 
>> References
==== References====
* [http://www.instructables.com/id/The-Darkroom-Liquid-Light-Emulsion/—Alternative Photography - Printing Photos on Objects]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7DFuJt3mvw Dabbleon Art]
*[http://www.alternativephotography.com/wp/processes/liquid-emulsion/liquid-light-emulsion-on-wax Another alternative way to use WAX]
*[http://www.alternativephotography.com/wp/processes/transfers-and-lifts/acrylic-gel-lift-and-transfer Alternative photography, Brady Wilks]
*[http://www.alternativephotography.com/wp/processes/anthotypes/anthotypes Anthotypes]


<br>
<br>
====How to make it?====
<br>
<br>
    1. Clean the rock
    2. Gesso is not necessary for the transfer here, it just adds tooth and depth.
      You can use watered down white paint. Let it dry.
    3. Use a Transfer gel or Splendid Blender pen.
      Other blender pens dont have the same chemical composition, and wont work.
    4. Make a laser, toner based copy of the image you want to use. Ink jet copies do not work.
    5. Place the copy face down on the rock.
    6. Rub the Transfer gel or pen over the image, while keeping the paper stable.
      If it slides around, you will get a blurry image. Press hard till the image transfers.
    7. Make sure you have lots of ventilation when using the Transfer gel or pen.
<br>
<br>
 
====References====
<h4>Method2 : TRANSFER IMAGE</h4>
We have a ton of slab stone in our yard, and as soon as I came across a few pieces that were particularly thin I knew exactly what I wanted to do with them. I also have a few pictures I have been meaning to display, so this project was a good way to finally get around to displaying them.
After a lot of research I found that there are many ways get pictures onto stone, each with varying effects. I tried out three methods and eventually went with one though I will talk about the the other two as well.
 
HOW TO TRANSFER IMAGES WITH INKJET OR LASER PRINTS
<br>
 
<h4>How to make it?</h4>
Here is a breakdown of how I transferred the images.
1. Clean the rock
2. Gesso is not necessary for the transfer here, it just adds tooth and depth. You can use watered down white paint. Let it dry.
3. Use a "Splendid Blender" pen by Chartpak. Other blender pens don't have the same chemical composition, and won't work. Check out "Splendid Transfer" on my sidebar for more info on the pen.
4. Make a laser, toner based copy of the image you want to use. Ink jet copies don't work.
5. Place the copy face down on the rock.
6. Rub the pen over the image, while keeping the paper stable. If it slides around, you'll get a blurry image. Press hard till the image transfers.
7. Make sure you have lots of ventilation when using the pen.
 
>> References
*[http://www.villabarnes.com/2012/03/playing-with-rocks.html Playing With Rocks by villabarnes.com]
*[http://www.villabarnes.com/2012/03/playing-with-rocks.html Playing With Rocks by villabarnes.com]
*[http://www.instructables.com/id/Photographs-on-Stone/ Photographs on Stone by jonesaw]
*[http://www.instructables.com/id/Photographs-on-Stone/ Photographs on Stone by jonesaw]
*[http://www.instructables.com/id/Pallet-Crates-Inkjet-Image-Transfer-to-Wood/ Pallet Crates & Inkjet Image Transfer to Wood by blissful2015]
*[http://www.instructables.com/id/Pallet-Crates-Inkjet-Image-Transfer-to-Wood/ Pallet Crates & Inkjet Image Transfer to Wood by blissful2015]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


<br>
====Method2 : 배접 (褙接) Bae-jeop====
<br>
Traditional korean technic for conservation <br>Material : 풀 (糊) Pull / Rice paste,  Material
<br>
 
Rice paste is used as a important glue to prevent a paper from tear and torn in northeast countries. However it often give a damage to paper,so studying rice paste regard as important project for long time.


===<h2>Experiments</h2>===
If rice paste is not enough good,  it cause reduction in life expectancy of painting. In worst case it destroy the painting. Therefore fundamental principle using rice paste for “Bae-jeop” should be ferment for a while.
<br>
<br>Transfer image experiments
<br>
<br>1. Wood
<br>2. Surface on wood
<br>3. Flat stone
<br>4. Making smooth flat stone
<br>5. Curve stone
<br>
<br>
>> test images from last work
<br>
[[File:transfer_test3_1.png|300px]]
[[File:transfer_test2.png|300px]]


<br>
There are reason to use the fermented rice paste. The first reason is to preserve the painting. If rice paste is not enough fermented, it makes painting unexpected separation from Bae-jeop paper or sometimes it will rot by moulder.The second reason is keep flexibility of painting and give easy separation with painting and Bae-jeop paper, in case of doing again Bae-jeop.
<br>
<br>
>> process of test
<br>
[[File:lichen_process01.png|300px]]
[[File:lichen_transfer_05.png|300px]]
<br>
<br>


[[File:lichen_transfer_07.png|300px]]
* How to make it?
[[File:lichen_transfer_06.png|300px]]
          1. Make a dough with flour. put the dough to stocking and squeeze in water. (1:7 proportion)
<br>
          2. When the water become gloopy, it is possible to use.
<br>
          3. Take away the flour grounds inside of a stocking.
<br>
          4. Keep the water for a while, take away upper water, put new water.
<br>
          5. Mixing with small amount of rice. (Should use cold water, A proportion of mixing is important. Experience is useful)
<br>
<br>
<br>
[[File:_DSF0894.png|300px]]


==== References ====
*[http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=2830783&contentsParamInfo=isList%3Dtrue%26navCategoryId%3D55644&cid=55644&categoryId=55644 경인문화사 in Naver] 
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=494QZsEAEMY doyacart.com]
*[http://www.chf.or.kr/c2/sub1.jsp?thisPage=2&searchField=title&searchText=&brdType=R&bbIdx=100315  Korea Cultural Heritage Foundation]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
===<h1>Installation plan</h1>===
[[File:install_plan_lichen01.png|300px]]
[[File:install_plan_lichen02.png|300px]] <br>


[[File:install_plan_lichen03.png|300px]]
===Experiments===
[[File:install_plan_lichen04.png|300px]]
====Transfer image experiments====
<br>sketches : a plan to install
*Wood
<br>
*Surface on wood
<br>
*Flat stone
<br>
*Making smooth flat stone
<br>
*Curve stone
<br>
<br>
[[File:lichen_render (3 - 3).png|300px]]
[[File:lichen_render (3 - 4).png|300px]]
[[File:lichen_render (3 - 5).png|300px]]
<br>3D renders
<br>
<br>
* test images from last work
<gallery>
Image:transfer_test3_1.png
Image:transfer_test2.png
</gallery>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
* process of test
<gallery>
Image:lichen_process01.png
Image:lichen_transfer_05.png
Image:lichen_transfer_07.png
Image:lichen_transfer_06.png
</gallery>
<br>
<br>
I try out a transfergel medium for attaching an image on diffierent surfaces for example wood, a branch, flat stone, well-trimed stone, curly surface of stone. Mostly i can get a clearly image on the different surfaces. but it is hard to transfer an image on surface which is rough and uneven (a branch and curly surface of stone) While a barnch sock with water in process, it become weaker. it is not enought strength to hold an image. Also Color of surface is important for clearly image. when metrial is too dark, difficult to figur out where image is. 
<br>
<br>
<br><h3>Current process</h3> <br>
[[File:_DSF0901.png|300px]][[File:lichenll.png|300px]][[File:_DSF0905.png|300px]]
<br>
<br>
because of lichen’s slow speed of growth, It was very difficult in short time to have the visual aspect that I expect.<br>
lichen is growing now but it is very slow. therefore it will take a quit long time to be ready to be in installation.


<BR/>
<BR/>
<BR/>
<BR/>
==<h1> The Miller-Urey Experiment </h1>==
==<h1> The Miller-Urey Experiment </h1>==
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNijmxsKGbc What Was The Miller-Urey Experiment?]  
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNijmxsKGbc What Was The Miller-Urey Experiment?]  
Line 240: Line 243:


==<h1> Cut_layer </h1>==
==<h1> Cut_layer </h1>==
<h3>Karl Bloss Feldt<br></h3>
<h3>References</h3>
Urformen der Kunst, 1928
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<h3>Goethe</h3>
Metamorphosis of Plants, 1786<br>
<br>[[File:Goethe_MetamorphosisPlants2009.pdf]]
<br>[[File:Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.pdf]]
<br>[[File:Metamorphosis - body, water, process, life, plants, form, energy, primary, change.pdf]]
<br>[[File:schilperoord-jarke_2.pdf]]
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<h3>Maria Sibylla Merian</h3>
Der Raupen wunderbarer Verwandlung, 1679<br>
<br>[[File:Maria Sibylla Merian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.pdf]]
<br>[[File:Maria Sibylla Merian, The Woman Who Made Science Beautiful - The Atlantic.pdf]]
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<h3>Royal Horcticultural Society des Blumen büros Hollands<br></h3>
Bloemen bureau Holland,<br>
Pantone-System
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<h4>Karl Bloss Feldt</h4>
*Urformen der Kunst, 1928
<h4>Goethe</h4>
*Metamorphosis of Plants, 1786
*[[File:Goethe_MetamorphosisPlants2009.pdf]]
*[[File:Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.pdf]]
*[[File:Metamorphosis - body, water, process, life, plants, form, energy, primary, change.pdf]]
*[[File:schilperoord-jarke_2.pdf]]
<h4>Maria Sibylla Merian</h4>
*Der Raupen wunderbarer Verwandlung, 1679
*[[File:Maria Sibylla Merian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.pdf]]
*[[File:Maria Sibylla Merian, The Woman Who Made Science Beautiful - The Atlantic.pdf]]
<h4>Royal Horcticultural Society des Blumen büros Hollands</h4>
*Bloemen bureau Holland,<br>
*Pantone-System
<br>
<br>
<br><h3>Reference<br></h3>

Latest revision as of 19:53, 24 October 2016

HUMAN AND NONHUMAN PERFORMANCES TWO PROJECT

Lichen

Lichen?starts.png

sketches : a plan to install

  • Lichen render (3 - 3).png
  • Lichen render (3 - 4).png
  • Lichen render (3 - 5).png

3D render

This installation work consists of two parts.

The first part is lichen with transferred photography on the stone. Images show a human’s body and fragile emotion. When lichen grows up many years, they might grow above, break images. Yes, it is a long term work, when viewers see it happen. But in daily life, viewers notice that human share with lichen or other organisms certain time but the different scale of time.

The second part is the vibrated water that under the stone. Water is vibrated by the sound wave which comes from the speaker under the water bowl. The sound is affected by data which recorded outside of environment or particular data in human society. (working with Minsoo Hwang) This vibration of water also provides good environmental conditions (humidity and air circulation) to help to grow lichen.

Very slow lichen's growth is a big problem to make an interactive installation.
However paradoxically speaking, it is an interesting aspect to understanding, how we are different but also we live together certain time and spaces. In human's perspective, lichen grows up too slow, but in their perspective, we are too fast to live and die.

Inspiration

Liquid Emulsion on stone

  • 47A42B53-D753-4855-A4BD-47B1C7994159L0001 2.png

>>google search to Liquid Emulsion

  • BC08C4BD-43D5-40DF-BC95-FE82515D4F27L0001.png
  • ECD95C65-0A6F-4050-B555-45C8F17680E0L0001.png

'Excavating images', Carolyn Lefley, 2014
Slides to illustrate a paper presented at the RAI Anthropology and Photography conference, British Museum. May 2014
http://www.slideshare.net/lefley/excavating-images-carolyn-lefley-2014

Lichen

61677041-627D-477E-BF98-18048394738FL0001.png

92A06BFA-B889-4F21-9184-88D43414B7D1L0001 2.png

A lichen is a composite organism that algae or (and) cyanobacteria living together in fungus. algae or (and) cyanobacteria produce food for fungus by photosynthesis. And fungus protect algae or (and) cyanobacteria from the environment, fungus gather also moisture and nutrition from the environment. They have a good symbiotic relationship.

Lichens occur from sea level to high alpine elevations, in a very wide range of environmental conditions, and can grow on almost any surface. Different kinds of lichens have adapted to survive in some of the most extreme environments on Earth: arctic tundra, hot dry deserts, rocky coasts, and toxic slag heaps. They can even live inside solid rock, growing between the grains. Some lichens do not grow on anything, living out their lives blowing about the environment. It is estimated that 6% of Earth's land surface is covered by lichen.

distinguish points of Lichen


1. Lichen can live a vary wide range of environmental conditions. They can grow on almost any surface. Different kinds of lichen have adapted to survive in the most extreme ecological conditions. Even they can survive in space station outside of earth.

2. Lichen takes up a huge amount of carbon dioxide from the air which is released by the burning of forests and other biomass. Max Planck institute of Chemistry discovers that lichens, mosses and algae take up approximately 14 billion tons of carbon dioxide and fix approximately 50 million tons of Nitrogen per year. The especially huge amount of Nitrogen fixed by them and nitrogen is often limiting nutrients all around world especially dry regions. Thus Nitrogen is one of the important nutrient for the ecosystem. [1]

3. Lichen often has extremely slow growth rate of less than a millimeter per year. Different lichen species have been measured to grow as slowly as 0.5 mm per year and as fast as 50 centimeters per year [2]

4. Distinct physical mechanisms by which lichens break down the raw stone, recent studies indicate lichens attack stone chemically, entering newly chelated minerals into the ecology. [3]

References

[1] Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, www.mpg.de/9324146/lichens-mosses-nitrous-oxide
[2] Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen#Growth_rate
[3] Chen, Jie; Blume, Hans-Peter; Beyer, Lothar (1 September 1999). "Weathering of rocks induced by lichen colonization
- a review" (PDF). Catena - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Soil Science (Elsevier) (Catena 39 2000 121–146): 124. Retrieved 21 March 2015.

Growing

Collection

Lichen italy smin.png

  • Lichen italy smin04.png
  • Lichen italy smin05.png
  • Lichen italy smin02.png
  • Lichen italy smin06.png
  • Lichen italy smin07.png
  • Lichen italy smin03.png


Species

  • Crustose lichen - Caloplaca and Caloplaca marina
  • Lobate lichen - Lecanora dispersa
  • Endophloelic - Amandinea punctata
  • Chrysotrix candelaris or chlorina (green yellow)


Conditions

Keeping lichen in the shade, 24h air circulation, water supplying 2-3 time in a day (Rice water supplying 2 times in a week)

  • Lichen on the stone

An idea: how it looks lichen on the stone.

  • Lichen proto.png

Methods

Method1 : Transfer gel medium

The Acrylic Gel Lift/Transfer is a process with many stages, ultimately enabling the artist to apply their photographic work to a wide variety of surfaces. The process entails the creation of a positive print, applying acrylic gel to the print, curing the gel, soaking the gel coated print, removing the paper backing, then applying the final suspended ink to a new surface. This exercise will illustrate the non-traditional acrylic side down version of the process that has been developed as a way to further control and manipulate the photograph. It celebrates the old transfer aesthetic of being a reverse of the original capture and allows more manipulation of the ink side before it is sealed. Although it may require more work, patience and care than other transfer processes, it is a wonderful variation and has its own unique aesthetic quality.

References


How to make it?


   1. Clean the rock
   2. Gesso is not necessary for the transfer here, it just adds tooth and depth. 
      You can use watered down white paint. Let it dry.
   3. Use a Transfer gel or Splendid Blender pen.
      Other blender pens dont have the same chemical composition, and wont work. 
   4. Make a laser, toner based copy of the image you want to use. Ink jet copies do not work.
   5. Place the copy face down on the rock.
   6. Rub the Transfer gel or pen over the image, while keeping the paper stable.
      If it slides around, you will get a blurry image. Press hard till the image transfers.
   7. Make sure you have lots of ventilation when using the Transfer gel or pen.


References

Method2 : 배접 (褙接) Bae-jeop

Traditional korean technic for conservation
Material : 풀 (糊) Pull / Rice paste, Material

Rice paste is used as a important glue to prevent a paper from tear and torn in northeast countries. However it often give a damage to paper,so studying rice paste regard as important project for long time.

If rice paste is not enough good, it cause reduction in life expectancy of painting. In worst case it destroy the painting. Therefore fundamental principle using rice paste for “Bae-jeop” should be ferment for a while.

There are reason to use the fermented rice paste. The first reason is to preserve the painting. If rice paste is not enough fermented, it makes painting unexpected separation from Bae-jeop paper or sometimes it will rot by moulder.The second reason is keep flexibility of painting and give easy separation with painting and Bae-jeop paper, in case of doing again Bae-jeop.

  • How to make it?
         1. Make a dough with flour. put the dough to stocking and squeeze in water. (1:7 proportion)
         2. When the water become gloopy, it is possible to use.
         3. Take away the flour grounds inside of a stocking.
         4. Keep the water for a while, take away upper water, put new water.
         5. Mixing with small amount of rice. (Should use cold water, A proportion of mixing is important. Experience is useful)


DSF0894.png

References

Experiments

Transfer image experiments

  • Wood
  • Surface on wood
  • Flat stone
  • Making smooth flat stone
  • Curve stone


  • test images from last work
  • Transfer test3 1.png
  • Transfer test2.png



  • process of test
  • Lichen process01.png
  • Lichen transfer 05.png
  • Lichen transfer 07.png
  • Lichen transfer 06.png


I try out a transfergel medium for attaching an image on diffierent surfaces for example wood, a branch, flat stone, well-trimed stone, curly surface of stone. Mostly i can get a clearly image on the different surfaces. but it is hard to transfer an image on surface which is rough and uneven (a branch and curly surface of stone) While a barnch sock with water in process, it become weaker. it is not enought strength to hold an image. Also Color of surface is important for clearly image. when metrial is too dark, difficult to figur out where image is.



Current process


DSF0901.pngLichenll.pngDSF0905.png


because of lichen’s slow speed of growth, It was very difficult in short time to have the visual aspect that I expect.
lichen is growing now but it is very slow. therefore it will take a quit long time to be ready to be in installation.





The Miller-Urey Experiment

What Was The Miller-Urey Experiment?

<videoflash type=YouTube>NNijmxsKGbc?list=PL75310AD28DB37A33</videoflash> Made by Stated Clearly http://statedclearly.com/


The Miller-Urey experiment was the first attempt to scientifically explore ideas about the origin of life. Stanley Miller simulated conditions thought be common on the ancient Earth. The purpose was to test the idea that the complex molecules of life (in this case, amino acids) could have arisen on our young planet through simple, natural chemical reactions.

The idea was to simulate hypothetical conditions thought to be present on the early Earth (Hadean or early Archaean). It was a test of the chemical origins of life. Specifically, the experiment tested Alexander Oparin's and J.B.S. Haldane's hypothesis that conditions on the primitive Earth favored chemical reactions that synthesized organic compounds from inorganic precursors. Considered to be the classic experiment on the origin of life, it was conducted in 1952 and published in 1953 by Stanley Miller and Harold Urey at the University of Chicago.

After Miller's death in 2007, scientists examined sealed vials preserved from the original experiments. They were able to show that there were well over 20 different amino acids produced in Miller's original experiments. That is considerably more than those Miller originally reported, and more than the 20 that naturally occur in life. source from https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller%E2%80%93Urey



Die Antwort vom Fachchemiker 

Zu Punkt 3 muss ich recht unverschämt und auch unhöflich zurück fragen:
was haben Sie als Studentin für eine Ausbildung ?
Bio oder Bioart ist was anderes als chemische Experimente, noch dazu mit potentiell gefährlichen Substanzen.
ich gehe davon aus, dass das erst mal nicht bei Dir daheim stattfinden soll 
- davon muss ich massiv und  entschieden abraten !!!
hat die Bauhaus Uni überhaupt irgendwelche chemische Labors ??
nochmals: Bio und Bioart haben NICHTS mit chemischen Experimenten zu tun !!
"sicher" kann man das Experiment nur machen, 
wenn fachkundige Leute damit am Werk sind und die die  passenden Labors und Apparaturen 
dazu haben grundsätzlich hand habt man hier entweder hochgiftige, korrosive oder potentiell explosive Ausgangssubstanzen
(mit Kohlenmonoxid kann man Lebewesen umbringen)
wenn man das Experiment wirklich hinbekommt, muss die entstandene "Suppe" auch noch analysiert  werden,
dazu braucht es Maschinen und Menschen die das können.
meine persönliche Meinung ist noch: wenn man das Experiment wiederholt und gefahrlos übersteht,
ist die Suppe auf jeden Fall anders zusammen gesetzt
generell würde ich nur abraten davon, andere haben das schon gemacht 
und außer Gefahr beim Umgang damit kommt nichts raus,
was gewinnbringend ist; organische Produkte sind möglicherweise ein Ausgangspunkt aber noch kein Leben.
Ich finde, dass man mit Bioart schönere Sachen machen kann.
Entschuldigung wenn es etwas heftig war, entspricht aber der Reaktion in dem 'geplanten' Reaktor.







I would get advice from Korean students of the Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.

Cut_layer

References


Karl Bloss Feldt

  • Urformen der Kunst, 1928

Goethe

Maria Sibylla Merian

Royal Horcticultural Society des Blumen büros Hollands

  • Bloemen bureau Holland,
  • Pantone-System


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