https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Hoji1427 2026-05-21T08:12:51Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.39.6 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:DIY_Bio:_doing_things_with_biology&diff=103436 2019-01-15T10:44:19Z

<p>Hoji1427: /* students */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:m-IMG_4573.JPG|400px|thumb|left|DIY Biolab]]<br /> ''Lecturer:'' [[GMU:Mindaugas Gapševičius|Mindaugas Gapševičius]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Credits:'' 6 [[ECTS]], 4 [[SWS]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Date:'' Tuesdays 17:00-20:30&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Venue:'' [[Marienstraße 7b]], [[GMU:Bio-lab|Biolab]] (Room 202)&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''First meeting:'' Tuesday, 16 October 2018; 17:00-20:30&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;br style=&quot;clear: both&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> One hundred years ago, Lazlo Moholy-Nagy described the so-called primitive human as a hunter, a craftsman, a builder and a physician all in one person. According to Moholy-Nagy, the skills of the primitive human were lost in the modern age, contemporaneously to the industrial revolution, when humans became specialized in one or the other craft. Today, having knowledge of a different kind could, for example, help in understanding how technologies or matter interact; and spontaneous ideas could, perhaps, suggest unexpected models for interaction between different technologies or different kinds of matter.<br /> <br /> This course is an introduction to the DIY biology, and alongside it, its relation to artistic practices. We will learn how to take care of different organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and protists like Euglena and slime molds. The DIY Bio course also includes practical use of equipment around the biolab, such as the autoclave, microliter pipet, clean bench, centrifuge, PCR machine and electrophoresis chamber.<br /> <br /> Along with very practical things, we will talk about maker culture, its ways of work and focusses. While discussing artworks related to biology, we will develop individual ideas, which will finally become our projects. Final projects will be presented in Berlin.<br /> <br /> ===syllabus===<br /> *16.10.2018 [[/Introduction to conceptual framework and tools]] + Safety<br /> *23.10.2018 [[/Ethics]] + Microscopy<br /> *30.10.2018 [[/Isolating bacteria]]<br /> *06.11.2018 [[/Growing mycelium]] + capturing electric potentials in organic matter<br /> *13.11.2018 [[/First ideas]]<br /> *04.12.2018 [[/Notes on recorded electric potentials]]<br /> *18.12.2018 [[/Cyanobacteria]]<br /> <br /> ===students===<br /> *[[/Antje Danz]]<br /> *[[/Sirin Unmanee]]<br /> *[[/Niloofar Ghanavati]]<br /> *[[/Nyiko Johannes Mucavele]]<br /> *[[/Paola Stephania Calderón]]<br /> *[[/Frederic Blais-Belanger]]<br /> *[[/Nezar Abualhalaweh]]<br /> *[[/Abel geressu]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:WS18]]<br /> [[Category:Werkmodul]]<br /> [[Category:Fachmodul]]<br /> [[Category:Mindaugas Gapševičius]]</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology/Haematococcus_pluvialis&diff=103415 2019-01-13T15:47:57Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Haematococcus pluvialis<br /> <br /> Introduction <br /> <br /> Haematococcus pluvialis is unicellular freshwater microalga found in different habitats around the world .There are over 8000 different species of the green algae phylum in the plant kindgom .The freshwater unicellular biflagellate(having two flagellate) green microalgae H. pluvialis specifically belongs to the class Chlorophyceae, order Volvocales and family Haematococcaseae .<br /> <br /> Physiology<br /> <br /> Cellular structure of H. pluvialis is similar to most of other members of volvocalean unicellular green algae. Volvocales are flagellated or pseudociliated green algae known to form circular or spherical colonies. The life cycle of H. pluvialisconsists of four types of distinguishable cellular morphologies: macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, palmella, and hematocysts (aplanospores) (Hazen, 1899; Elliot, 1934). (Figures 1). Macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, and palmella stages are usually called “green vegetative phase” (Figures 1A,B). .Hematocysts (aplanospores) are referred as “red nonmotile astaxanthin accumulated encysted phase” of the H. pluvialis life cycle) (Figures 1C,D)..<br /> Macrozooids (zoospores) are spherical, ellipsoidal, or pear-shaped cells with two flagella of equal length emerging from anterior end, and a cup-shaped chloroplast with numerous, scattered pyrenoids (Figure 1A). The macrozooid cells are between 8 and 20 μm long with a distinct gelatinous extracellular matrix of variable thickness. Numerous contractile vacuoles are irregularly distributed near the protoplast surface of the cell (Hagen et al., 2002). These flagellated fast-growing vegetative cells predominate under favorable culture conditions in the early vegetative growth stage .<br /> <br /> [[File:picture_1.jpg|400px]]<br /> <br /> Figure 1. Light microscopic images of H. pluvialis cells in life cycle. (A) Green vegetative motile cell; (B) Green vegetative palmella cell; <br /> (C) Astaxanthin accumulating palmella cell in transition to aplanospore; (D) Astaxanthin accumulated aplanospore cell. Scale bar: 10 μm.<br /> (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)<br /> <br /> <br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> Macrozooids may divide into 2–32 daughter cells by mitosis (Wayama et al., 2013) (Figures 2A,B). .Under unfavorable environmental or culture conditions, macrozooids start losing flagella, and expand their cell size. They form an amorphous multilayered structure in the inner regions of the extracellular matrix or the primary cell wall as they develop into non-motile “palmella” and become resting vegetative cells (Hagen et al., 2002) (Figure 1B). .With the continued environmental stress (i.e., nutrient deprivation, high light irradiance, high salinity) and cessation of cell division, “palmella” transform into the asexual “aplanospores” At this stage, cells contain two distinct structures, a thick and rigid trilaminar sheath, and secondary cell wall of acetolysis-resistant material. Such cells become resistant to prevailing extreme environmental conditions (Santos and Mesquita, 1984; Boussiba and Vonshak, 1991). Mature aplanospores; accumulate large amounts of secondary carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin, in lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm, which results in a characteristic bright red color of these cells (Hagen et al., 2002). Some H. pluvialis strains are reported to be capable of accumulating astaxanthin without forming aplanospores (Brinda et al., 2004). Once environmental or culture conditions return to optimal, red aplanospores germinate to form flagellated zoospores to initiate a new vegetative growth cycle gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> [[File:picture_2.jpg|400px]]<br /> Life cycle of H. pluvialis. (2) Illustration of life cycle of H. pluvialis. Refresh, when old cultures are transplanted into fresh medium, coccoid cells undergo cell division to form flagellated cells within the mother cell wall. Germination, Flagellated cells settle and become coccoid cells. Continuous and/or strong light accelerate the accumulation of astaxanthin during encystment (red arrows). Figure reproduced from Wayama et al. (2013) distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)<br /> <br /> <br /> In some cases, gametogenesis may occur in aplanospores .Such process requires an exposure to extreme adverse conditions (freezing, desiccation, or nutrient starvation) followed by return to favorable culture conditions. During gametogenesis, aplanospore cells can produce up to 64 gametes which are known as microzooids. The microzooids are smaller in size (&lt; 10 μm) compared to the zoospores (20–50 μm), and exhibit high-speed motility after their release from gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> <br /> Habitat<br /> <br /> H. pluvialis is commonly found in small temporary freshwater bodies and widely distributed in many habitats worldwide. It occurs primarily in transient water bodies like ephemeral rain pools, artificial pools, natural and man-made ponds, and birdbaths.This microalga can be usually found in temperate regions around the world and has been isolated from Europe, Africa, North America, and Himachal Pradeslv India.It has been also found across diverse environmental and climate conditions. It is well suited for survival under conditions of expeditious and extreme in light, temperature, and salt concentration that would be deleterious to many other microalgae, due to its ability to encyst (become enclosed by thick membrane) in a rapid manner (Proctor, 1957).<br /> Commercial Uses<br /> Many species of microalga are used as source of nutrient rich food and health promoting compounds as well as feed for fishes.Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin one of the primary choices of antioxidants. Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly superior antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology/Haematococcus_pluvialis&diff=103414 2019-01-13T15:46:59Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Haematococcus pluvialis<br /> <br /> Introduction <br /> <br /> Haematococcus pluvialis is unicellular freshwater microalga found in different habitats around the world .There are over 8000 different species of the green algae phylum in the plant kindgom .The freshwater unicellular biflagellate(having two flagellate) green microalgae H. pluvialis belongs to the class Chlorophyceae, order Volvocales and family Haematococcaseae .<br /> <br /> Physiology<br /> <br /> Cellular structure of H. pluvialis is similar to most of other members of volvocalean unicellular green algae. Volvocales are flagellated or pseudociliated green algae known to form circular or spherical colonies. The life cycle of H. pluvialisconsists of four types of distinguishable cellular morphologies: macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, palmella, and hematocysts (aplanospores) (Hazen, 1899; Elliot, 1934). (Figures 1). Macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, and palmella stages are usually called “green vegetative phase” (Figures 1A,B). .Hematocysts (aplanospores) are referred as “red nonmotile astaxanthin accumulated encysted phase” of the H. pluvialis life cycle) (Figures 1C,D)..<br /> Macrozooids (zoospores) are spherical, ellipsoidal, or pear-shaped cells with two flagella of equal length emerging from anterior end, and a cup-shaped chloroplast with numerous, scattered pyrenoids (Figure 1A). The macrozooid cells are between 8 and 20 μm long with a distinct gelatinous extracellular matrix of variable thickness. Numerous contractile vacuoles are irregularly distributed near the protoplast surface of the cell (Hagen et al., 2002). These flagellated fast-growing vegetative cells predominate under favorable culture conditions in the early vegetative growth stage .<br /> <br /> [[File:picture_1.jpg|400px]]<br /> <br /> Figure 1. Light microscopic images of H. pluvialis cells in life cycle. (A) Green vegetative motile cell; (B) Green vegetative palmella cell; <br /> (C) Astaxanthin accumulating palmella cell in transition to aplanospore; (D) Astaxanthin accumulated aplanospore cell. Scale bar: 10 μm.<br /> (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)<br /> <br /> <br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> Macrozooids may divide into 2–32 daughter cells by mitosis (Wayama et al., 2013) (Figures 2A,B). .Under unfavorable environmental or culture conditions, macrozooids start losing flagella, and expand their cell size. They form an amorphous multilayered structure in the inner regions of the extracellular matrix or the primary cell wall as they develop into non-motile “palmella” and become resting vegetative cells (Hagen et al., 2002) (Figure 1B). .With the continued environmental stress (i.e., nutrient deprivation, high light irradiance, high salinity) and cessation of cell division, “palmella” transform into the asexual “aplanospores” At this stage, cells contain two distinct structures, a thick and rigid trilaminar sheath, and secondary cell wall of acetolysis-resistant material. Such cells become resistant to prevailing extreme environmental conditions (Santos and Mesquita, 1984; Boussiba and Vonshak, 1991). Mature aplanospores; accumulate large amounts of secondary carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin, in lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm, which results in a characteristic bright red color of these cells (Hagen et al., 2002). Some H. pluvialis strains are reported to be capable of accumulating astaxanthin without forming aplanospores (Brinda et al., 2004). Once environmental or culture conditions return to optimal, red aplanospores germinate to form flagellated zoospores to initiate a new vegetative growth cycle gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> [[File:picture_2.jpg|400px]]<br /> Life cycle of H. pluvialis. (2) Illustration of life cycle of H. pluvialis. Refresh, when old cultures are transplanted into fresh medium, coccoid cells undergo cell division to form flagellated cells within the mother cell wall. Germination, Flagellated cells settle and become coccoid cells. Continuous and/or strong light accelerate the accumulation of astaxanthin during encystment (red arrows). Figure reproduced from Wayama et al. (2013) distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)<br /> <br /> <br /> In some cases, gametogenesis may occur in aplanospores .Such process requires an exposure to extreme adverse conditions (freezing, desiccation, or nutrient starvation) followed by return to favorable culture conditions. During gametogenesis, aplanospore cells can produce up to 64 gametes which are known as microzooids. The microzooids are smaller in size (&lt; 10 μm) compared to the zoospores (20–50 μm), and exhibit high-speed motility after their release from gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> <br /> Habitat<br /> <br /> H. pluvialis is commonly found in small temporary freshwater bodies and widely distributed in many habitats worldwide. It occurs primarily in transient water bodies like ephemeral rain pools, artificial pools, natural and man-made ponds, and birdbaths.This microalga can be usually found in temperate regions around the world and has been isolated from Europe, Africa, North America, and Himachal Pradeslv India.It has been also found across diverse environmental and climate conditions. It is well suited for survival under conditions of expeditious and extreme in light, temperature, and salt concentration that would be deleterious to many other microalgae, due to its ability to encyst (become enclosed by thick membrane) in a rapid manner (Proctor, 1957).<br /> Commercial Uses<br /> Many species of microalga are used as source of nutrient rich food and health promoting compounds as well as feed for fishes.Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin one of the primary choices of antioxidants. Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly superior antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology/Haematococcus_pluvialis&diff=103413 2019-01-13T15:46:41Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Haematococcus pluvialis<br /> <br /> Introduction <br /> <br /> Haematococcus pluvialis is unicellular freshwater microalga found in different habitats around the world .There are over 8000 different species of the green algae phylum in the plant kindgom .The freshwater unicellular biflagellate(having two flagellate) green microalgae H. pluvialis belongs to the class Chlorophyceae, order Volvocales and family Haematococcaseae .<br /> Physiology<br /> <br /> Cellular structure of H. pluvialis is similar to most of other members of volvocalean unicellular green algae. Volvocales are flagellated or pseudociliated green algae known to form circular or spherical colonies. The life cycle of H. pluvialisconsists of four types of distinguishable cellular morphologies: macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, palmella, and hematocysts (aplanospores) (Hazen, 1899; Elliot, 1934). (Figures 1). Macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, and palmella stages are usually called “green vegetative phase” (Figures 1A,B). .Hematocysts (aplanospores) are referred as “red nonmotile astaxanthin accumulated encysted phase” of the H. pluvialis life cycle) (Figures 1C,D)..<br /> Macrozooids (zoospores) are spherical, ellipsoidal, or pear-shaped cells with two flagella of equal length emerging from anterior end, and a cup-shaped chloroplast with numerous, scattered pyrenoids (Figure 1A). The macrozooid cells are between 8 and 20 μm long with a distinct gelatinous extracellular matrix of variable thickness. Numerous contractile vacuoles are irregularly distributed near the protoplast surface of the cell (Hagen et al., 2002). These flagellated fast-growing vegetative cells predominate under favorable culture conditions in the early vegetative growth stage .<br /> <br /> [[File:picture_1.jpg|400px]]<br /> <br /> Figure 1. Light microscopic images of H. pluvialis cells in life cycle. (A) Green vegetative motile cell; (B) Green vegetative palmella cell; <br /> (C) Astaxanthin accumulating palmella cell in transition to aplanospore; (D) Astaxanthin accumulated aplanospore cell. Scale bar: 10 μm.<br /> (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)<br /> <br /> <br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> Macrozooids may divide into 2–32 daughter cells by mitosis (Wayama et al., 2013) (Figures 2A,B). .Under unfavorable environmental or culture conditions, macrozooids start losing flagella, and expand their cell size. They form an amorphous multilayered structure in the inner regions of the extracellular matrix or the primary cell wall as they develop into non-motile “palmella” and become resting vegetative cells (Hagen et al., 2002) (Figure 1B). .With the continued environmental stress (i.e., nutrient deprivation, high light irradiance, high salinity) and cessation of cell division, “palmella” transform into the asexual “aplanospores” At this stage, cells contain two distinct structures, a thick and rigid trilaminar sheath, and secondary cell wall of acetolysis-resistant material. Such cells become resistant to prevailing extreme environmental conditions (Santos and Mesquita, 1984; Boussiba and Vonshak, 1991). Mature aplanospores; accumulate large amounts of secondary carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin, in lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm, which results in a characteristic bright red color of these cells (Hagen et al., 2002). Some H. pluvialis strains are reported to be capable of accumulating astaxanthin without forming aplanospores (Brinda et al., 2004). Once environmental or culture conditions return to optimal, red aplanospores germinate to form flagellated zoospores to initiate a new vegetative growth cycle gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> [[File:picture_2.jpg|400px]]<br /> Life cycle of H. pluvialis. (2) Illustration of life cycle of H. pluvialis. Refresh, when old cultures are transplanted into fresh medium, coccoid cells undergo cell division to form flagellated cells within the mother cell wall. Germination, Flagellated cells settle and become coccoid cells. Continuous and/or strong light accelerate the accumulation of astaxanthin during encystment (red arrows). Figure reproduced from Wayama et al. (2013) distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)<br /> <br /> <br /> In some cases, gametogenesis may occur in aplanospores .Such process requires an exposure to extreme adverse conditions (freezing, desiccation, or nutrient starvation) followed by return to favorable culture conditions. During gametogenesis, aplanospore cells can produce up to 64 gametes which are known as microzooids. The microzooids are smaller in size (&lt; 10 μm) compared to the zoospores (20–50 μm), and exhibit high-speed motility after their release from gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> <br /> Habitat<br /> <br /> H. pluvialis is commonly found in small temporary freshwater bodies and widely distributed in many habitats worldwide. It occurs primarily in transient water bodies like ephemeral rain pools, artificial pools, natural and man-made ponds, and birdbaths.This microalga can be usually found in temperate regions around the world and has been isolated from Europe, Africa, North America, and Himachal Pradeslv India.It has been also found across diverse environmental and climate conditions. It is well suited for survival under conditions of expeditious and extreme in light, temperature, and salt concentration that would be deleterious to many other microalgae, due to its ability to encyst (become enclosed by thick membrane) in a rapid manner (Proctor, 1957).<br /> Commercial Uses<br /> Many species of microalga are used as source of nutrient rich food and health promoting compounds as well as feed for fishes.Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin one of the primary choices of antioxidants. Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly superior antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology/Haematococcus_pluvialis&diff=103412 2019-01-13T15:43:59Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Haematococcus pluvialis<br /> <br /> Introduction <br /> <br /> Haematococcus pluvialis is unicellular freshwater microalga found in different habitats around the world .it belongs to the kindom plants and green algae phylum with other 8000 different species of similar physiological features.<br /> The freshwater unicellular biflagellate(having two flagellate) green microalgae H. pluvialis belongs to the class Chlorophyceae, order Volvocales and family Haematococcaseae .it belongs to the order Volvocales with other 7000 different species of similar physiological features.<br /> <br /> Physiology<br /> <br /> Cellular structure of H. pluvialis is similar to most of other members of volvocalean unicellular green algae. Volvocales are flagellated or pseudociliated green algae known to form circular or spherical colonies. The life cycle of H. pluvialisconsists of four types of distinguishable cellular morphologies: macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, palmella, and hematocysts (aplanospores) (Hazen, 1899; Elliot, 1934). (Figures 1). Macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, and palmella stages are usually called “green vegetative phase” (Figures 1A,B). .Hematocysts (aplanospores) are referred as “red nonmotile astaxanthin accumulated encysted phase” of the H. pluvialis life cycle) (Figures 1C,D)..<br /> Macrozooids (zoospores) are spherical, ellipsoidal, or pear-shaped cells with two flagella of equal length emerging from anterior end, and a cup-shaped chloroplast with numerous, scattered pyrenoids (Figure 1A). The macrozooid cells are between 8 and 20 μm long with a distinct gelatinous extracellular matrix of variable thickness. Numerous contractile vacuoles are irregularly distributed near the protoplast surface of the cell (Hagen et al., 2002). These flagellated fast-growing vegetative cells predominate under favorable culture conditions in the early vegetative growth stage .<br /> <br /> [[File:picture_1.jpg|400px]]<br /> <br /> Figure 1. Light microscopic images of H. pluvialis cells in life cycle. (A) Green vegetative motile cell; (B) Green vegetative palmella cell; <br /> (C) Astaxanthin accumulating palmella cell in transition to aplanospore; (D) Astaxanthin accumulated aplanospore cell. Scale bar: 10 μm.<br /> (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)<br /> <br /> <br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> Macrozooids may divide into 2–32 daughter cells by mitosis (Wayama et al., 2013) (Figures 2A,B). .Under unfavorable environmental or culture conditions, macrozooids start losing flagella, and expand their cell size. They form an amorphous multilayered structure in the inner regions of the extracellular matrix or the primary cell wall as they develop into non-motile “palmella” and become resting vegetative cells (Hagen et al., 2002) (Figure 1B). .With the continued environmental stress (i.e., nutrient deprivation, high light irradiance, high salinity) and cessation of cell division, “palmella” transform into the asexual “aplanospores” At this stage, cells contain two distinct structures, a thick and rigid trilaminar sheath, and secondary cell wall of acetolysis-resistant material. Such cells become resistant to prevailing extreme environmental conditions (Santos and Mesquita, 1984; Boussiba and Vonshak, 1991). Mature aplanospores; accumulate large amounts of secondary carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin, in lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm, which results in a characteristic bright red color of these cells (Hagen et al., 2002). Some H. pluvialis strains are reported to be capable of accumulating astaxanthin without forming aplanospores (Brinda et al., 2004). Once environmental or culture conditions return to optimal, red aplanospores germinate to form flagellated zoospores to initiate a new vegetative growth cycle gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> [[File:picture_2.jpg|400px]]<br /> Life cycle of H. pluvialis. (2) Illustration of life cycle of H. pluvialis. Refresh, when old cultures are transplanted into fresh medium, coccoid cells undergo cell division to form flagellated cells within the mother cell wall. Germination, Flagellated cells settle and become coccoid cells. Continuous and/or strong light accelerate the accumulation of astaxanthin during encystment (red arrows). Figure reproduced from Wayama et al. (2013) distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)<br /> <br /> <br /> In some cases, gametogenesis may occur in aplanospores .Such process requires an exposure to extreme adverse conditions (freezing, desiccation, or nutrient starvation) followed by return to favorable culture conditions. During gametogenesis, aplanospore cells can produce up to 64 gametes which are known as microzooids. The microzooids are smaller in size (&lt; 10 μm) compared to the zoospores (20–50 μm), and exhibit high-speed motility after their release from gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> <br /> Habitat<br /> <br /> H. pluvialis is commonly found in small temporary freshwater bodies and widely distributed in many habitats worldwide. It occurs primarily in transient water bodies like ephemeral rain pools, artificial pools, natural and man-made ponds, and birdbaths.This microalga can be usually found in temperate regions around the world and has been isolated from Europe, Africa, North America, and Himachal Pradeslv India.It has been also found across diverse environmental and climate conditions. It is well suited for survival under conditions of expeditious and extreme in light, temperature, and salt concentration that would be deleterious to many other microalgae, due to its ability to encyst (become enclosed by thick membrane) in a rapid manner (Proctor, 1957).<br /> Commercial Uses<br /> Many species of microalga are used as source of nutrient rich food and health promoting compounds as well as feed for fishes.Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin one of the primary choices of antioxidants. Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly superior antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology/Haematococcus_pluvialis&diff=103411 2019-01-13T15:33:26Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Haematococcus pluvialis<br /> <br /> Introduction <br /> <br /> Haematococcus pluvialis is unicellular freshwater microalga found in different habitats around the world .it belongs to an order of other 7000 different species similar physiological features.<br /> The freshwater unicellular biflagellate(having two flagellate) green microalgae H. pluvialis belongs to the class Chlorophyceae, order Volvocales and family Haematococcaseae .It is also known as Haematococcus lacustris or Sphaerella lacustris. Haematococcus was first described by J. Von Flotow in 1844 and later in 1899 Tracy Elliot Hazen extensively presented its biology and life cycle .<br /> <br /> Physiology<br /> <br /> Cellular structure of H. pluvialis is similar to most of other members of volvocalean unicellular green algae. Volvocales are flagellated or pseudociliated green algae known to form circular or spherical colonies. The life cycle of H. pluvialisconsists of four types of distinguishable cellular morphologies: macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, palmella, and hematocysts (aplanospores) (Hazen, 1899; Elliot, 1934). (Figures 1). Macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, and palmella stages are usually called “green vegetative phase” (Figures 1A,B). .Hematocysts (aplanospores) are referred as “red nonmotile astaxanthin accumulated encysted phase” of the H. pluvialis life cycle) (Figures 1C,D)..<br /> Macrozooids (zoospores) are spherical, ellipsoidal, or pear-shaped cells with two flagella of equal length emerging from anterior end, and a cup-shaped chloroplast with numerous, scattered pyrenoids (Figure 1A). The macrozooid cells are between 8 and 20 μm long with a distinct gelatinous extracellular matrix of variable thickness. Numerous contractile vacuoles are irregularly distributed near the protoplast surface of the cell (Hagen et al., 2002). These flagellated fast-growing vegetative cells predominate under favorable culture conditions in the early vegetative growth stage .<br /> <br /> [[File:picture_1.jpg|400px]]<br /> <br /> Figure 1. Light microscopic images of H. pluvialis cells in life cycle. (A) Green vegetative motile cell; (B) Green vegetative palmella cell; <br /> (C) Astaxanthin accumulating palmella cell in transition to aplanospore; (D) Astaxanthin accumulated aplanospore cell. Scale bar: 10 μm.<br /> (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)<br /> <br /> <br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> Macrozooids may divide into 2–32 daughter cells by mitosis (Wayama et al., 2013) (Figures 2A,B). .Under unfavorable environmental or culture conditions, macrozooids start losing flagella, and expand their cell size. They form an amorphous multilayered structure in the inner regions of the extracellular matrix or the primary cell wall as they develop into non-motile “palmella” and become resting vegetative cells (Hagen et al., 2002) (Figure 1B). .With the continued environmental stress (i.e., nutrient deprivation, high light irradiance, high salinity) and cessation of cell division, “palmella” transform into the asexual “aplanospores” At this stage, cells contain two distinct structures, a thick and rigid trilaminar sheath, and secondary cell wall of acetolysis-resistant material. Such cells become resistant to prevailing extreme environmental conditions (Santos and Mesquita, 1984; Boussiba and Vonshak, 1991). Mature aplanospores; accumulate large amounts of secondary carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin, in lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm, which results in a characteristic bright red color of these cells (Hagen et al., 2002). Some H. pluvialis strains are reported to be capable of accumulating astaxanthin without forming aplanospores (Brinda et al., 2004). Once environmental or culture conditions return to optimal, red aplanospores germinate to form flagellated zoospores to initiate a new vegetative growth cycle gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> [[File:picture_2.jpg|400px]]<br /> Life cycle of H. pluvialis. (2) Illustration of life cycle of H. pluvialis. Refresh, when old cultures are transplanted into fresh medium, coccoid cells undergo cell division to form flagellated cells within the mother cell wall. Germination, Flagellated cells settle and become coccoid cells. Continuous and/or strong light accelerate the accumulation of astaxanthin during encystment (red arrows). Figure reproduced from Wayama et al. (2013) distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)<br /> <br /> <br /> In some cases, gametogenesis may occur in aplanospores .Such process requires an exposure to extreme adverse conditions (freezing, desiccation, or nutrient starvation) followed by return to favorable culture conditions. During gametogenesis, aplanospore cells can produce up to 64 gametes which are known as microzooids. The microzooids are smaller in size (&lt; 10 μm) compared to the zoospores (20–50 μm), and exhibit high-speed motility after their release from gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> <br /> Habitat<br /> <br /> H. pluvialis is commonly found in small temporary freshwater bodies and widely distributed in many habitats worldwide. It occurs primarily in transient water bodies like ephemeral rain pools, artificial pools, natural and man-made ponds, and birdbaths.This microalga can be usually found in temperate regions around the world and has been isolated from Europe, Africa, North America, and Himachal Pradeslv India.It has been also found across diverse environmental and climate conditions. It is well suited for survival under conditions of expeditious and extreme in light, temperature, and salt concentration that would be deleterious to many other microalgae, due to its ability to encyst (become enclosed by thick membrane) in a rapid manner (Proctor, 1957).<br /> Commercial Uses<br /> Many species of microalga are used as source of nutrient rich food and health promoting compounds as well as feed for fishes.Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin one of the primary choices of antioxidants. Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly superior antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)</div>

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Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology/Haematococcus_pluvialis&diff=103408 2019-01-13T15:25:08Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Haematococcus pluvialis<br /> <br /> Introduction <br /> <br /> Haematococcus pluvialis is unicellular freshwater microalga found in different habitats around the world .it belongs to an order of other 7000 different species similar physiological features.<br /> The freshwater unicellular biflagellate(having two flagellate) green microalgae H. pluvialis belongs to the class Chlorophyceae, order Volvocales and family Haematococcaseae .It is also known as Haematococcus lacustris or Sphaerella lacustris. Haematococcus was first described by J. Von Flotow in 1844 and later in 1899 Tracy Elliot Hazen extensively presented its biology and life cycle .<br /> <br /> Physiology<br /> <br /> Cellular structure of H. pluvialis is similar to most of other members of volvocalean unicellular green algae. Volvocales are flagellated or pseudociliated green algae known to form circular or spherical colonies. The life cycle of H. pluvialisconsists of four types of distinguishable cellular morphologies: macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, palmella, and hematocysts (aplanospores) (Hazen, 1899; Elliot, 1934). (Figures 1). Macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, and palmella stages are usually called “green vegetative phase” (Figures 1A,B). .Hematocysts (aplanospores) are referred as “red nonmotile astaxanthin accumulated encysted phase” of the H. pluvialis life cycle) (Figures 1C,D)..<br /> Macrozooids (zoospores) are spherical, ellipsoidal, or pear-shaped cells with two flagella of equal length emerging from anterior end, and a cup-shaped chloroplast with numerous, scattered pyrenoids (Figure 1A). The macrozooid cells are between 8 and 20 μm long with a distinct gelatinous extracellular matrix of variable thickness. Numerous contractile vacuoles are irregularly distributed near the protoplast surface of the cell (Hagen et al., 2002). These flagellated fast-growing vegetative cells predominate under favorable culture conditions in the early vegetative growth stage .<br /> <br /> [[File:picture_1.jpg|400px]]<br /> <br /> Figure 1. Light microscopic images of H. pluvialis cells in life cycle. (A) Green vegetative motile cell; (B) Green vegetative palmella cell; <br /> (C) Astaxanthin accumulating palmella cell in transition to aplanospore; (D) Astaxanthin accumulated aplanospore cell. Scale bar: 10 μm.<br /> (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)<br /> <br /> <br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> Macrozooids may divide into 2–32 daughter cells by mitosis (Wayama et al., 2013) (Figures 2A,B). .Under unfavorable environmental or culture conditions, macrozooids start losing flagella, and expand their cell size. They form an amorphous multilayered structure in the inner regions of the extracellular matrix or the primary cell wall as they develop into non-motile “palmella” and become resting vegetative cells (Hagen et al., 2002) (Figure 1B). .With the continued environmental stress (i.e., nutrient deprivation, high light irradiance, high salinity) and cessation of cell division, “palmella” transform into the asexual “aplanospores” At this stage, cells contain two distinct structures, a thick and rigid trilaminar sheath, and secondary cell wall of acetolysis-resistant material. Such cells become resistant to prevailing extreme environmental conditions (Santos and Mesquita, 1984; Boussiba and Vonshak, 1991). Mature aplanospores; accumulate large amounts of secondary carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin, in lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm, which results in a characteristic bright red color of these cells (Hagen et al., 2002). Some H. pluvialis strains are reported to be capable of accumulating astaxanthin without forming aplanospores (Brinda et al., 2004). Once environmental or culture conditions return to optimal, red aplanospores germinate to form flagellated zoospores to initiate a new vegetative growth cycle gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> <br /> In some cases, gametogenesis may occur in aplanospores .Such process requires an exposure to extreme adverse conditions (freezing, desiccation, or nutrient starvation) followed by return to favorable culture conditions. During gametogenesis, aplanospore cells can produce up to 64 gametes which are known as microzooids. The microzooids are smaller in size (&lt; 10 μm) compared to the zoospores (20–50 μm), and exhibit high-speed motility after their release from gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> <br /> Habitat<br /> <br /> H. pluvialis is commonly found in small temporary freshwater bodies and widely distributed in many habitats worldwide. It occurs primarily in transient water bodies like ephemeral rain pools, artificial pools, natural and man-made ponds, and birdbaths.This microalga can be usually found in temperate regions around the world and has been isolated from Europe, Africa, North America, and Himachal Pradeslv India.It has been also found across diverse environmental and climate conditions. It is well suited for survival under conditions of expeditious and extreme in light, temperature, and salt concentration that would be deleterious to many other microalgae, due to its ability to encyst (become enclosed by thick membrane) in a rapid manner (Proctor, 1957).<br /> Commercial Uses<br /> Many species of microalga are used as source of nutrient rich food and health promoting compounds as well as feed for fishes.Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin one of the primary choices of antioxidants. Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly superior antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=File:Picture_1.jpg&diff=103407 2019-01-13T15:21:32Z

<p>Hoji1427: Hoji1427 uploaded a new version of File:Picture 1.jpg</p> <hr /> <div>== Summary ==<br /> Figure 1. Light microscopic images of H. pluvialis cells in life cycle. (A) Green vegetative motile cell; (B) Green vegetative palmella cell; (C) Astaxanthin accumulating palmella cell in transition to aplanospore; (D) Astaxanthin accumulated aplanospore cell. Scale bar: 10 μm.<br /> == Copyright status: ==<br /> Copyright <br /> == Licensing ==<br /> {{subst:nld}}<br /> == Source: ==<br /> https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/172296/fpls-07-00531-HTML/image_m/fpls-07-00531-g001.jpg</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology/Haematococcus_pluvialis&diff=103406 2019-01-13T15:20:28Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Haematococcus pluvialis<br /> <br /> Introduction <br /> <br /> Haematococcus pluvialis is unicellular freshwater microalga found in different habitats around the world .it belongs to an order of other 7000 different species similar physiological features.<br /> The freshwater unicellular biflagellate(having two flagellate) green microalgae H. pluvialis belongs to the class Chlorophyceae, order Volvocales and family Haematococcaseae .It is also known as Haematococcus lacustris or Sphaerella lacustris. Haematococcus was first described by J. Von Flotow in 1844 and later in 1899 Tracy Elliot Hazen extensively presented its biology and life cycle .<br /> <br /> Physiology<br /> <br /> Cellular structure of H. pluvialis is similar to most of other members of volvocalean unicellular green algae. Volvocales are flagellated or pseudociliated green algae known to form circular or spherical colonies. The life cycle of H. pluvialisconsists of four types of distinguishable cellular morphologies: macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, palmella, and hematocysts (aplanospores) (Hazen, 1899; Elliot, 1934). (Figures 1). Macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, and palmella stages are usually called “green vegetative phase” (Figures 1A,B). .Hematocysts (aplanospores) are referred as “red nonmotile astaxanthin accumulated encysted phase” of the H. pluvialis life cycle) (Figures 1C,D)..<br /> Macrozooids (zoospores) are spherical, ellipsoidal, or pear-shaped cells with two flagella of equal length emerging from anterior end, and a cup-shaped chloroplast with numerous, scattered pyrenoids (Figure 1A). The macrozooid cells are between 8 and 20 μm long with a distinct gelatinous extracellular matrix of variable thickness. Numerous contractile vacuoles are irregularly distributed near the protoplast surface of the cell (Hagen et al., 2002). These flagellated fast-growing vegetative cells predominate under favorable culture conditions in the early vegetative growth stage .<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> Macrozooids may divide into 2–32 daughter cells by mitosis (Wayama et al., 2013) (Figures 2A,B). .Under unfavorable environmental or culture conditions, macrozooids start losing flagella, and expand their cell size. They form an amorphous multilayered structure in the inner regions of the extracellular matrix or the primary cell wall as they develop into non-motile “palmella” and become resting vegetative cells (Hagen et al., 2002) (Figure 1B). .With the continued environmental stress (i.e., nutrient deprivation, high light irradiance, high salinity) and cessation of cell division, “palmella” transform into the asexual “aplanospores” At this stage, cells contain two distinct structures, a thick and rigid trilaminar sheath, and secondary cell wall of acetolysis-resistant material. Such cells become resistant to prevailing extreme environmental conditions (Santos and Mesquita, 1984; Boussiba and Vonshak, 1991). Mature aplanospores; accumulate large amounts of secondary carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin, in lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm, which results in a characteristic bright red color of these cells (Hagen et al., 2002). Some H. pluvialis strains are reported to be capable of accumulating astaxanthin without forming aplanospores (Brinda et al., 2004). Once environmental or culture conditions return to optimal, red aplanospores germinate to form flagellated zoospores to initiate a new vegetative growth cycle gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> <br /> In some cases, gametogenesis may occur in aplanospores .Such process requires an exposure to extreme adverse conditions (freezing, desiccation, or nutrient starvation) followed by return to favorable culture conditions. During gametogenesis, aplanospore cells can produce up to 64 gametes which are known as microzooids. The microzooids are smaller in size (&lt; 10 μm) compared to the zoospores (20–50 μm), and exhibit high-speed motility after their release from gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> <br /> Habitat<br /> <br /> H. pluvialis is commonly found in small temporary freshwater bodies and widely distributed in many habitats worldwide. It occurs primarily in transient water bodies like ephemeral rain pools, artificial pools, natural and man-made ponds, and birdbaths.This microalga can be usually found in temperate regions around the world and has been isolated from Europe, Africa, North America, and Himachal Pradeslv India.It has been also found across diverse environmental and climate conditions. It is well suited for survival under conditions of expeditious and extreme in light, temperature, and salt concentration that would be deleterious to many other microalgae, due to its ability to encyst (become enclosed by thick membrane) in a rapid manner (Proctor, 1957).<br /> Commercial Uses<br /> Many species of microalga are used as source of nutrient rich food and health promoting compounds as well as feed for fishes.Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin one of the primary choices of antioxidants. Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly superior antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200009 ,Front Plant Sci. 2016)</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Artistic_research_in_Experimental_Biology/Abel_Geressu&diff=103395 2019-01-13T13:27:41Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Background<br /> B.Sc in Architecture and Urban planning<br /> i am currently persuing my graduate study in Media architecture.<br /> <br /> Project Idea 1 : Bio Facade<br /> <br /> i want to integrate the knowledge i gained from this course to asses the feasibility of the a project i had in my previous interface design project module.<br /> <br /> Buildings consume bout 40 % of the total energy produced in the US. This energy is used to mainly for ventilation and heating of buildings. Algae biofacades have shown to be practical for sustainable building design.Algae facade not only help in absorving radiation they have also became a source for bio fuel , food and constant source of oxygen .<br /> <br /> Project Idea 2 Smart furniture , Night light<br /> <br /> We put indoor plants to ornament our rooms.Most indoor plants also help in cooling the temprature of our room . Researches have shown that typical indoor plants like the snake plants can remove contaimating chemicals like deoxycarbons from our rooms .indoor plants like mostly requie less light and oxygen .therefore some indoor plants like the snake plant have been more preferable choice for indoor use.<br /> <br /> At end of the semister i want to develop a night light for my bed room that is also bioreactor for the spirullina algae .The algae night light will become a source of light for photosyntheis for algae and the algae inturn will be a constant source oxygen and food harvest . Like an indoor plant he Algae can help in removing carbon dioxide .Algae can also help in cooling the room temprature as the have believed to have helped in cooling the earthes atmosphere .</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Artistic_research_in_Experimental_Biology/Abel_Geressu&diff=103394 2019-01-13T13:27:29Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Background<br /> B.Sc in Architecture and Urban planning<br /> i am currently persuing my graduate study in Media architecture.<br /> <br /> Project Idea 1 : Bio Facade<br /> <br /> i want to integrate the knowledge i gained from this course to asses the feasibility of the a project i had in my previous interface design project module.<br /> <br /> Buildings consume bout 40 % of the total energy produced in the US. This energy is used to mainly for ventilation and heating of buildings. Algae biofacades have shown to be practical for sustainable building design.Algae facade not only help in absorving radiation they have also became a source for bio fuel , food and constant source of oxygen .<br /> <br /> Project Idea 2 Smart furniture , Night light<br /> <br /> We put indoor plants to ornament our rooms.Most indoor plants also help in cooling the temprature of our room . Researches have shown that typical indoor plants like the snake plants can remove contaimating chemicals like deoxycarbons from our rooms .indoor plants like mostly requie less light and oxygen .therefore some indoor plants like the snake plant have been more preferable choice for indoor use.<br /> <br /> At end of the semister i want to develop a night light for my bed room that is also bioreactor for the spirullina algae .The algae night light will become a source of light for photosyntheis for algae and the algae inturn will be a constant source oxygen and food harvest . Like an indoor plant he Algae can help in removing carbon dioxide .Algae can also help in cooling the room temprature as the have believed to have helped in cooling the earthes atmosphere .<br /> <br /> [[File:slim mold puzzle.gif|400px]]</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Artistic_research_in_Experimental_Biology/Abel_Geressu&diff=103393 2019-01-13T11:46:44Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Background<br /> B.Sc in Architecture and Urban planning<br /> i am currently persuing my graduate study in Media architecture.<br /> <br /> Project Idea 1 : Bio Facade<br /> <br /> As part my research in Bio facade in my earlier interface design project module , i want to integrate the knowledge i gained from this course to asses the feasibility of the project.<br /> <br /> Buildings consume bout 40 % of the total energy produced in the US. This energy is used to mainly for ventilation and heating of buildings. Algae biofacades have shown to be practical for sustainable building design.Algae facade not only help in absorving radiation they have also became a source for bio fuel , food and constant source of oxygen .<br /> <br /> Project Idea 2 Smart furniture , Night light<br /> <br /> We put indoor plants to ornament our rooms.Most indoor plants also help in cooling the temprature of our room . Researches have shown that typical indoor plants like the snake plants can remove contaimating chemicals like deoxycarbons from our rooms .indoor plants like mostly requie less light and oxygen .therefore some indoor plants like the snake plant have been more preferable choice for indoor use.<br /> <br /> At end of the semister i want to develop a night light for my bed room that is also bioreactor for the spirullina algae .The algae night light will become a source of light for photosyntheis for algae and the algae inturn will be a constant source oxygen and food harvest . Like an indoor plant he Algae can help in removing carbon dioxide .Algae can also help in cooling the room temprature as the have believed to have helped in cooling the earthes atmosphere .<br /> <br /> [[File:slim mold puzzle.gif|400px]]</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=File:Slim_mold_puzzle.gif&diff=103392 2019-01-13T11:46:25Z

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Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Artistic_research_in_Experimental_Biology/Abel_Geressu&diff=103178 2019-01-08T13:17:07Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Background<br /> B.Sc in Architecture and Urban planning<br /> i am currently persuing my graduate study in Media architecture.<br /> <br /> Project Idea 1 : Bio Facade<br /> <br /> As part my research in Bio facade in my earlier interface design project module , i want to integrate the knowledge i gained from this course to asses the feasibility of the project.<br /> <br /> Buildings consume bout 40 % of the total energy produced in the US. This energy is used to mainly for ventilation and heating of buildings. Algae biofacades have shown to be practical for sustainable building design.Algae facade not only help in absorving radiation they have also became a source for bio fuel , food and constant source of oxygen .<br /> <br /> Project Idea 2 Smart furniture , Night light<br /> <br /> We put indoor plants to ornament our rooms.Most indoor plants also help in cooling the temprature of our room . Researches have shown that typical indoor plants like the snake plants can remove contaimating chemicals like deoxycarbons from our rooms .indoor plants like mostly requie less light and oxygen .therefore some indoor plants like the snake plant have been more preferable choice for indoor use.<br /> <br /> At end of the semister i want to develop a night light for my bed room that is also bioreactor for the spirullina algae .The algae night light will become a source of light for photosyntheis for algae and the algae inturn will be a constant source oxygen and food harvest . Like an indoor plant he Algae can help in removing carbon dioxide .Algae can also help in cooling the room temprature as the have believed to have helped in cooling the earthes atmosphere .</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology/Haematococcus_pluvialis&diff=103177 2019-01-08T13:16:15Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Haematococcus pluvialis<br /> <br /> Introduction <br /> <br /> “Green microalgae” comprise more than 7000 species growing in a variety of habitats. Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae, Volvocales) is unicellular fresh water microalga distributed in many habitats worldwide.<br /> The freshwater unicellular biflagellate green microalgae H. pluvialis Flotow belongs to the class Chlorophyceae, order Volvocales and family Haematococcaseae (Bold and Wynne, 1985; Eom et al., 2006). It is also known as Haematococcus lacustris or Sphaerella lacustris. Haematococcus was first described by J. Von Flotow in 1844 and later in 1899 Tracy Elliot Hazen extensively presented its biology and life cycle (Hazen, 1899; Leonardi et al., 2011).<br /> <br /> Physiology<br /> <br /> Cellular structure of H. pluvialis is similar to most of other members of volvocalean unicellular green algae. The life cycle of H. pluvialisconsists of four types of distinguishable cellular morphologies: macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, palmella, and hematocysts (aplanospores) (Hazen, 1899; Elliot, 1934). Macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, and palmella stages are usually called “green vegetative phase” .Hematocysts (aplanospores) are referred as “red nonmotile astaxanthin accumulated encysted phase” of the H. pluvialis life cycle). Macrozooids (zoospores) are spherical, ellipsoidal, or pear-shaped cells with two flagella of equal length emerging from anterior end, and a cup-shaped chloroplast with numerous, scattered pyrenoids The macrozooid cells are between 8 and 20 μm long with a distinct gelatinous extracellular matrix of variable thickness. Numerous contractile vacuoles are irregularly distributed near the protoplast surface of the cell (Hagen et al., 2002). These flagellated fast-growing vegetative cells predominate under favorable culture conditions in the early vegetative growth stage .<br /> <br /> <br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> Macrozooids may divide into 2–32 daughter cells by mitosis (Wayama et al., 2013) .Under unfavorable environmental or culture conditions, macrozooids start losing flagella, and expand their cell size. They form an amorphous multilayered structure in the inner regions of the extracellular matrix or the primary cell wall as they develop into non-motile “palmella” and become resting vegetative cells (Hagen et al., 2002) .With the continued environmental stress (i.e., nutrient deprivation, high light irradiance, high salinity) and cessation of cell division, “palmella” transform into the asexual “aplanospores” At this stage, cells contain two distinct structures, a thick and rigid trilaminar sheath, and secondary cell wall of acetolysis-resistant material. Such cells become resistant to prevailing extreme environmental conditions (Santos and Mesquita, 1984; Boussiba and Vonshak, 1991). Mature aplanospores; accumulate large amounts of secondary carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin, in lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm, which results in a characteristic bright red color of these cells (Hagen et al., 2002). Some H. pluvialis strains are reported to be capable of accumulating astaxanthin without forming aplanospores (Brinda et al., 2004). Once environmental or culture conditions return to optimal, red aplanospores germinate to form flagellated zoospores to initiate a new vegetative growth cycle gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> [https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/172296/fpls-07-00531-HTML/image_m/fpls-07-00531-g002.jpg]<br /> In some cases, gametogenesis may occur in aplanospores .Such process requires an exposure to extreme adverse conditions (freezing, desiccation, or nutrient starvation) followed by return to favorable culture conditions. During gametogenesis, aplanospore cells can produce up to 64 gametes which are known as microzooids. The microzooids are smaller in size (&lt; 10 μm) compared to the zoospores (20–50 μm), and exhibit high-speed motility after their release from gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> Habitat<br /> <br /> H. pluvialis is common in small transient freshwater bodies and widely distributed in many habitats worldwide. It occurs primarily in temporary water bodies like ephemeral rain pools, artificial pools, natural and man-made ponds, and birdbaths (Czygan, 1970; Burchardt et al., 2006). This microalga can be usually found in temperate regions around the world and has been isolated from Europe, Africa, North America, and Himachal Pradeslv India (Pringsheim, 1966; Suseela and Toppo, 2006). It has been also found across diverse environmental and climate conditions: in brackish water on the rocks on the seashore (Chekanov et al., 2014); freshwater basin in the rock filled with melted snow on Blomstrandhalvøya Island (Norway) (Klochkova et al., 2013); dried fountain near Rozhen, Blagoevgrad in Bulgaria Gacheva et al., 2015, freshwater fishpond in Bihor, Romania (Dragos et al., 2010); rooftop surface of a building of KIOST in Seoul Korea (Kim et al., 2015). It is well suited for survival under conditions of expeditious and extreme in light, temperature, and salt concentration that would be deleterious to many other microalgae, due to its ability to encyst (become enclosed by thick membrane) in a rapid manner (Proctor, 1957).<br /> <br /> Commercial Uses<br /> <br /> Many species of microalgae have been used as source of nutrient rich food, feed, and health promoting compounds. Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin which is considered as “super anti-oxidant.” Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly greater antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology/Haematococcus_pluvialis&diff=103176 2019-01-08T12:59:28Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Haematococcus pluvialis<br /> <br /> Introduction <br /> <br /> “Green microalgae” comprise more than 7000 species growing in a variety of habitats. Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae, Volvocales) is unicellular fresh water microalga distributed in many habitats worldwide.<br /> The freshwater unicellular biflagellate green microalgae H. pluvialis Flotow belongs to the class Chlorophyceae, order Volvocales and family Haematococcaseae (Bold and Wynne, 1985; Eom et al., 2006). It is also known as Haematococcus lacustris or Sphaerella lacustris. Haematococcus was first described by J. Von Flotow in 1844 and later in 1899 Tracy Elliot Hazen extensively presented its biology and life cycle (Hazen, 1899; Leonardi et al., 2011).<br /> <br /> Physiology<br /> <br /> Cellular structure of H. pluvialis is similar to most of other members of volvocalean unicellular green algae. The life cycle of H. pluvialisconsists of four types of distinguishable cellular morphologies: macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, palmella, and hematocysts (aplanospores) (Hazen, 1899; Elliot, 1934). Macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, and palmella stages are usually called “green vegetative phase” .Hematocysts (aplanospores) are referred as “red nonmotile astaxanthin accumulated encysted phase” of the H. pluvialis life cycle). Macrozooids (zoospores) are spherical, ellipsoidal, or pear-shaped cells with two flagella of equal length emerging from anterior end, and a cup-shaped chloroplast with numerous, scattered pyrenoids The macrozooid cells are between 8 and 20 μm long with a distinct gelatinous extracellular matrix of variable thickness. Numerous contractile vacuoles are irregularly distributed near the protoplast surface of the cell (Hagen et al., 2002). These flagellated fast-growing vegetative cells predominate under favorable culture conditions in the early vegetative growth stage .<br /> [[File:C:\Users\abelg\Desktop\Microbiology class\picture_1.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> Macrozooids may divide into 2–32 daughter cells by mitosis (Wayama et al., 2013) .Under unfavorable environmental or culture conditions, macrozooids start losing flagella, and expand their cell size. They form an amorphous multilayered structure in the inner regions of the extracellular matrix or the primary cell wall as they develop into non-motile “palmella” and become resting vegetative cells (Hagen et al., 2002) .With the continued environmental stress (i.e., nutrient deprivation, high light irradiance, high salinity) and cessation of cell division, “palmella” transform into the asexual “aplanospores” At this stage, cells contain two distinct structures, a thick and rigid trilaminar sheath, and secondary cell wall of acetolysis-resistant material. Such cells become resistant to prevailing extreme environmental conditions (Santos and Mesquita, 1984; Boussiba and Vonshak, 1991). Mature aplanospores; accumulate large amounts of secondary carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin, in lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm, which results in a characteristic bright red color of these cells (Hagen et al., 2002). Some H. pluvialis strains are reported to be capable of accumulating astaxanthin without forming aplanospores (Brinda et al., 2004). Once environmental or culture conditions return to optimal, red aplanospores germinate to form flagellated zoospores to initiate a new vegetative growth cycle gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> [https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/172296/fpls-07-00531-HTML/image_m/fpls-07-00531-g002.jpg]<br /> In some cases, gametogenesis may occur in aplanospores .Such process requires an exposure to extreme adverse conditions (freezing, desiccation, or nutrient starvation) followed by return to favorable culture conditions. During gametogenesis, aplanospore cells can produce up to 64 gametes which are known as microzooids. The microzooids are smaller in size (&lt; 10 μm) compared to the zoospores (20–50 μm), and exhibit high-speed motility after their release from gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> Habitat<br /> <br /> H. pluvialis is common in small transient freshwater bodies and widely distributed in many habitats worldwide. It occurs primarily in temporary water bodies like ephemeral rain pools, artificial pools, natural and man-made ponds, and birdbaths (Czygan, 1970; Burchardt et al., 2006). This microalga can be usually found in temperate regions around the world and has been isolated from Europe, Africa, North America, and Himachal Pradeslv India (Pringsheim, 1966; Suseela and Toppo, 2006). It has been also found across diverse environmental and climate conditions: in brackish water on the rocks on the seashore (Chekanov et al., 2014); freshwater basin in the rock filled with melted snow on Blomstrandhalvøya Island (Norway) (Klochkova et al., 2013); dried fountain near Rozhen, Blagoevgrad in Bulgaria Gacheva et al., 2015, freshwater fishpond in Bihor, Romania (Dragos et al., 2010); rooftop surface of a building of KIOST in Seoul Korea (Kim et al., 2015). It is well suited for survival under conditions of expeditious and extreme in light, temperature, and salt concentration that would be deleterious to many other microalgae, due to its ability to encyst (become enclosed by thick membrane) in a rapid manner (Proctor, 1957).<br /> <br /> Commercial Uses<br /> <br /> Many species of microalgae have been used as source of nutrient rich food, feed, and health promoting compounds. Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin which is considered as “super anti-oxidant.” Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly greater antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=File:Picture_1.jpg&diff=103175 2019-01-08T12:56:15Z

<p>Hoji1427: Figure 1. Light microscopic images of H. pluvialis cells in life cycle. (A) Green vegetative motile cell; (B) Green vegetative palmella cell; (C) Astaxanthin accumulating palmella cell in transition to aplanospore; (D) Astaxanthin accumulated aplanospo...</p> <hr /> <div>== Summary ==<br /> Figure 1. Light microscopic images of H. pluvialis cells in life cycle. (A) Green vegetative motile cell; (B) Green vegetative palmella cell; (C) Astaxanthin accumulating palmella cell in transition to aplanospore; (D) Astaxanthin accumulated aplanospore cell. Scale bar: 10 μm.<br /> == Copyright status: ==<br /> Copyright <br /> == Licensing ==<br /> {{subst:nld}}<br /> == Source: ==<br /> https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/172296/fpls-07-00531-HTML/image_m/fpls-07-00531-g001.jpg</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology/Haematococcus_pluvialis&diff=103174 2019-01-08T12:52:15Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Haematococcus pluvialis<br /> <br /> Introduction <br /> <br /> “Green microalgae” comprise more than 7000 species growing in a variety of habitats. Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae, Volvocales) is unicellular fresh water microalga distributed in many habitats worldwide.<br /> The freshwater unicellular biflagellate green microalgae H. pluvialis Flotow belongs to the class Chlorophyceae, order Volvocales and family Haematococcaseae (Bold and Wynne, 1985; Eom et al., 2006). It is also known as Haematococcus lacustris or Sphaerella lacustris. Haematococcus was first described by J. Von Flotow in 1844 and later in 1899 Tracy Elliot Hazen extensively presented its biology and life cycle (Hazen, 1899; Leonardi et al., 2011).<br /> <br /> Physiology<br /> <br /> Cellular structure of H. pluvialis is similar to most of other members of volvocalean unicellular green algae. The life cycle of H. pluvialisconsists of four types of distinguishable cellular morphologies: macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, palmella, and hematocysts (aplanospores) (Hazen, 1899; Elliot, 1934). Macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, and palmella stages are usually called “green vegetative phase” .Hematocysts (aplanospores) are referred as “red nonmotile astaxanthin accumulated encysted phase” of the H. pluvialis life cycle). Macrozooids (zoospores) are spherical, ellipsoidal, or pear-shaped cells with two flagella of equal length emerging from anterior end, and a cup-shaped chloroplast with numerous, scattered pyrenoids The macrozooid cells are between 8 and 20 μm long with a distinct gelatinous extracellular matrix of variable thickness. Numerous contractile vacuoles are irregularly distributed near the protoplast surface of the cell (Hagen et al., 2002). These flagellated fast-growing vegetative cells predominate under favorable culture conditions in the early vegetative growth stage .<br /> [[File:C:\Users\abelg\Desktop\Microbiology class\picture_1.jpg]]<br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> Macrozooids may divide into 2–32 daughter cells by mitosis (Wayama et al., 2013) .Under unfavorable environmental or culture conditions, macrozooids start losing flagella, and expand their cell size. They form an amorphous multilayered structure in the inner regions of the extracellular matrix or the primary cell wall as they develop into non-motile “palmella” and become resting vegetative cells (Hagen et al., 2002) .With the continued environmental stress (i.e., nutrient deprivation, high light irradiance, high salinity) and cessation of cell division, “palmella” transform into the asexual “aplanospores” At this stage, cells contain two distinct structures, a thick and rigid trilaminar sheath, and secondary cell wall of acetolysis-resistant material. Such cells become resistant to prevailing extreme environmental conditions (Santos and Mesquita, 1984; Boussiba and Vonshak, 1991). Mature aplanospores; accumulate large amounts of secondary carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin, in lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm, which results in a characteristic bright red color of these cells (Hagen et al., 2002). Some H. pluvialis strains are reported to be capable of accumulating astaxanthin without forming aplanospores (Brinda et al., 2004). Once environmental or culture conditions return to optimal, red aplanospores germinate to form flagellated zoospores to initiate a new vegetative growth cycle gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> [https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/172296/fpls-07-00531-HTML/image_m/fpls-07-00531-g002.jpg]<br /> In some cases, gametogenesis may occur in aplanospores .Such process requires an exposure to extreme adverse conditions (freezing, desiccation, or nutrient starvation) followed by return to favorable culture conditions. During gametogenesis, aplanospore cells can produce up to 64 gametes which are known as microzooids. The microzooids are smaller in size (&lt; 10 μm) compared to the zoospores (20–50 μm), and exhibit high-speed motility after their release from gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> Habitat<br /> <br /> H. pluvialis is common in small transient freshwater bodies and widely distributed in many habitats worldwide. It occurs primarily in temporary water bodies like ephemeral rain pools, artificial pools, natural and man-made ponds, and birdbaths (Czygan, 1970; Burchardt et al., 2006). This microalga can be usually found in temperate regions around the world and has been isolated from Europe, Africa, North America, and Himachal Pradeslv India (Pringsheim, 1966; Suseela and Toppo, 2006). It has been also found across diverse environmental and climate conditions: in brackish water on the rocks on the seashore (Chekanov et al., 2014); freshwater basin in the rock filled with melted snow on Blomstrandhalvøya Island (Norway) (Klochkova et al., 2013); dried fountain near Rozhen, Blagoevgrad in Bulgaria Gacheva et al., 2015, freshwater fishpond in Bihor, Romania (Dragos et al., 2010); rooftop surface of a building of KIOST in Seoul Korea (Kim et al., 2015). It is well suited for survival under conditions of expeditious and extreme in light, temperature, and salt concentration that would be deleterious to many other microalgae, due to its ability to encyst (become enclosed by thick membrane) in a rapid manner (Proctor, 1957).<br /> <br /> Commercial Uses<br /> <br /> Many species of microalgae have been used as source of nutrient rich food, feed, and health promoting compounds. Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin which is considered as “super anti-oxidant.” Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly greater antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology/Haematococcus_pluvialis&diff=103173 2019-01-08T12:51:14Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Haematococcus pluvialis<br /> <br /> Introduction <br /> <br /> “Green microalgae” comprise more than 7000 species growing in a variety of habitats. Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae, Volvocales) is unicellular fresh water microalga distributed in many habitats worldwide.<br /> The freshwater unicellular biflagellate green microalgae H. pluvialis Flotow belongs to the class Chlorophyceae, order Volvocales and family Haematococcaseae (Bold and Wynne, 1985; Eom et al., 2006). It is also known as Haematococcus lacustris or Sphaerella lacustris. Haematococcus was first described by J. Von Flotow in 1844 and later in 1899 Tracy Elliot Hazen extensively presented its biology and life cycle (Hazen, 1899; Leonardi et al., 2011).<br /> <br /> Physiology<br /> <br /> Cellular structure of H. pluvialis is similar to most of other members of volvocalean unicellular green algae. The life cycle of H. pluvialisconsists of four types of distinguishable cellular morphologies: macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, palmella, and hematocysts (aplanospores) (Hazen, 1899; Elliot, 1934). Macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, and palmella stages are usually called “green vegetative phase” .Hematocysts (aplanospores) are referred as “red nonmotile astaxanthin accumulated encysted phase” of the H. pluvialis life cycle). Macrozooids (zoospores) are spherical, ellipsoidal, or pear-shaped cells with two flagella of equal length emerging from anterior end, and a cup-shaped chloroplast with numerous, scattered pyrenoids The macrozooid cells are between 8 and 20 μm long with a distinct gelatinous extracellular matrix of variable thickness. Numerous contractile vacuoles are irregularly distributed near the protoplast surface of the cell (Hagen et al., 2002). These flagellated fast-growing vegetative cells predominate under favorable culture conditions in the early vegetative growth stage .<br /> [[File:picture_1.jpg]]<br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> Macrozooids may divide into 2–32 daughter cells by mitosis (Wayama et al., 2013) .Under unfavorable environmental or culture conditions, macrozooids start losing flagella, and expand their cell size. They form an amorphous multilayered structure in the inner regions of the extracellular matrix or the primary cell wall as they develop into non-motile “palmella” and become resting vegetative cells (Hagen et al., 2002) .With the continued environmental stress (i.e., nutrient deprivation, high light irradiance, high salinity) and cessation of cell division, “palmella” transform into the asexual “aplanospores” At this stage, cells contain two distinct structures, a thick and rigid trilaminar sheath, and secondary cell wall of acetolysis-resistant material. Such cells become resistant to prevailing extreme environmental conditions (Santos and Mesquita, 1984; Boussiba and Vonshak, 1991). Mature aplanospores; accumulate large amounts of secondary carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin, in lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm, which results in a characteristic bright red color of these cells (Hagen et al., 2002). Some H. pluvialis strains are reported to be capable of accumulating astaxanthin without forming aplanospores (Brinda et al., 2004). Once environmental or culture conditions return to optimal, red aplanospores germinate to form flagellated zoospores to initiate a new vegetative growth cycle gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> [https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/172296/fpls-07-00531-HTML/image_m/fpls-07-00531-g002.jpg]<br /> In some cases, gametogenesis may occur in aplanospores .Such process requires an exposure to extreme adverse conditions (freezing, desiccation, or nutrient starvation) followed by return to favorable culture conditions. During gametogenesis, aplanospore cells can produce up to 64 gametes which are known as microzooids. The microzooids are smaller in size (&lt; 10 μm) compared to the zoospores (20–50 μm), and exhibit high-speed motility after their release from gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> Habitat<br /> <br /> H. pluvialis is common in small transient freshwater bodies and widely distributed in many habitats worldwide. It occurs primarily in temporary water bodies like ephemeral rain pools, artificial pools, natural and man-made ponds, and birdbaths (Czygan, 1970; Burchardt et al., 2006). This microalga can be usually found in temperate regions around the world and has been isolated from Europe, Africa, North America, and Himachal Pradeslv India (Pringsheim, 1966; Suseela and Toppo, 2006). It has been also found across diverse environmental and climate conditions: in brackish water on the rocks on the seashore (Chekanov et al., 2014); freshwater basin in the rock filled with melted snow on Blomstrandhalvøya Island (Norway) (Klochkova et al., 2013); dried fountain near Rozhen, Blagoevgrad in Bulgaria Gacheva et al., 2015, freshwater fishpond in Bihor, Romania (Dragos et al., 2010); rooftop surface of a building of KIOST in Seoul Korea (Kim et al., 2015). It is well suited for survival under conditions of expeditious and extreme in light, temperature, and salt concentration that would be deleterious to many other microalgae, due to its ability to encyst (become enclosed by thick membrane) in a rapid manner (Proctor, 1957).<br /> <br /> Commercial Uses<br /> <br /> Many species of microalgae have been used as source of nutrient rich food, feed, and health promoting compounds. Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin which is considered as “super anti-oxidant.” Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly greater antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology/Haematococcus_pluvialis&diff=103172 2019-01-08T12:49:35Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Haematococcus pluvialis<br /> <br /> Introduction <br /> <br /> “Green microalgae” comprise more than 7000 species growing in a variety of habitats. Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae, Volvocales) is unicellular fresh water microalga distributed in many habitats worldwide.<br /> The freshwater unicellular biflagellate green microalgae H. pluvialis Flotow belongs to the class Chlorophyceae, order Volvocales and family Haematococcaseae (Bold and Wynne, 1985; Eom et al., 2006). It is also known as Haematococcus lacustris or Sphaerella lacustris. Haematococcus was first described by J. Von Flotow in 1844 and later in 1899 Tracy Elliot Hazen extensively presented its biology and life cycle (Hazen, 1899; Leonardi et al., 2011).<br /> <br /> Physiology<br /> <br /> Cellular structure of H. pluvialis is similar to most of other members of volvocalean unicellular green algae. The life cycle of H. pluvialisconsists of four types of distinguishable cellular morphologies: macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, palmella, and hematocysts (aplanospores) (Hazen, 1899; Elliot, 1934). Macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, and palmella stages are usually called “green vegetative phase” .Hematocysts (aplanospores) are referred as “red nonmotile astaxanthin accumulated encysted phase” of the H. pluvialis life cycle). Macrozooids (zoospores) are spherical, ellipsoidal, or pear-shaped cells with two flagella of equal length emerging from anterior end, and a cup-shaped chloroplast with numerous, scattered pyrenoids The macrozooid cells are between 8 and 20 μm long with a distinct gelatinous extracellular matrix of variable thickness. Numerous contractile vacuoles are irregularly distributed near the protoplast surface of the cell (Hagen et al., 2002). These flagellated fast-growing vegetative cells predominate under favorable culture conditions in the early vegetative growth stage .<br /> [https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/172296/fpls-07-00531-HTML/image_m/fpls-07-00531-g001.jpg]<br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> Macrozooids may divide into 2–32 daughter cells by mitosis (Wayama et al., 2013) .Under unfavorable environmental or culture conditions, macrozooids start losing flagella, and expand their cell size. They form an amorphous multilayered structure in the inner regions of the extracellular matrix or the primary cell wall as they develop into non-motile “palmella” and become resting vegetative cells (Hagen et al., 2002) .With the continued environmental stress (i.e., nutrient deprivation, high light irradiance, high salinity) and cessation of cell division, “palmella” transform into the asexual “aplanospores” At this stage, cells contain two distinct structures, a thick and rigid trilaminar sheath, and secondary cell wall of acetolysis-resistant material. Such cells become resistant to prevailing extreme environmental conditions (Santos and Mesquita, 1984; Boussiba and Vonshak, 1991). Mature aplanospores; accumulate large amounts of secondary carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin, in lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm, which results in a characteristic bright red color of these cells (Hagen et al., 2002). Some H. pluvialis strains are reported to be capable of accumulating astaxanthin without forming aplanospores (Brinda et al., 2004). Once environmental or culture conditions return to optimal, red aplanospores germinate to form flagellated zoospores to initiate a new vegetative growth cycle gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> [https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/172296/fpls-07-00531-HTML/image_m/fpls-07-00531-g002.jpg]<br /> In some cases, gametogenesis may occur in aplanospores .Such process requires an exposure to extreme adverse conditions (freezing, desiccation, or nutrient starvation) followed by return to favorable culture conditions. During gametogenesis, aplanospore cells can produce up to 64 gametes which are known as microzooids. The microzooids are smaller in size (&lt; 10 μm) compared to the zoospores (20–50 μm), and exhibit high-speed motility after their release from gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> Habitat<br /> <br /> H. pluvialis is common in small transient freshwater bodies and widely distributed in many habitats worldwide. It occurs primarily in temporary water bodies like ephemeral rain pools, artificial pools, natural and man-made ponds, and birdbaths (Czygan, 1970; Burchardt et al., 2006). This microalga can be usually found in temperate regions around the world and has been isolated from Europe, Africa, North America, and Himachal Pradeslv India (Pringsheim, 1966; Suseela and Toppo, 2006). It has been also found across diverse environmental and climate conditions: in brackish water on the rocks on the seashore (Chekanov et al., 2014); freshwater basin in the rock filled with melted snow on Blomstrandhalvøya Island (Norway) (Klochkova et al., 2013); dried fountain near Rozhen, Blagoevgrad in Bulgaria Gacheva et al., 2015, freshwater fishpond in Bihor, Romania (Dragos et al., 2010); rooftop surface of a building of KIOST in Seoul Korea (Kim et al., 2015). It is well suited for survival under conditions of expeditious and extreme in light, temperature, and salt concentration that would be deleterious to many other microalgae, due to its ability to encyst (become enclosed by thick membrane) in a rapid manner (Proctor, 1957).<br /> <br /> Commercial Uses<br /> <br /> Many species of microalgae have been used as source of nutrient rich food, feed, and health promoting compounds. Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin which is considered as “super anti-oxidant.” Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly greater antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology/Haematococcus_pluvialis&diff=103171 2019-01-08T12:36:27Z

<p>Hoji1427: </p> <hr /> <div>Haematococcus pluvialis<br /> <br /> Introduction <br /> <br /> “Green microalgae” comprise more than 7000 species growing in a variety of habitats. Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae, Volvocales) is unicellular fresh water microalga distributed in many habitats worldwide.<br /> The freshwater unicellular biflagellate green microalgae H. pluvialis Flotow belongs to the class Chlorophyceae, order Volvocales and family Haematococcaseae (Bold and Wynne, 1985; Eom et al., 2006). It is also known as Haematococcus lacustris or Sphaerella lacustris. Haematococcus was first described by J. Von Flotow in 1844 and later in 1899 Tracy Elliot Hazen extensively presented its biology and life cycle (Hazen, 1899; Leonardi et al., 2011).<br /> <br /> Physiology<br /> <br /> Cellular structure of H. pluvialis is similar to most of other members of volvocalean unicellular green algae. The life cycle of H. pluvialisconsists of four types of distinguishable cellular morphologies: macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, palmella, and hematocysts (aplanospores) (Hazen, 1899; Elliot, 1934). Macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, and palmella stages are usually called “green vegetative phase” .Hematocysts (aplanospores) are referred as “red nonmotile astaxanthin accumulated encysted phase” of the H. pluvialis life cycle). Macrozooids (zoospores) are spherical, ellipsoidal, or pear-shaped cells with two flagella of equal length emerging from anterior end, and a cup-shaped chloroplast with numerous, scattered pyrenoids The macrozooid cells are between 8 and 20 μm long with a distinct gelatinous extracellular matrix of variable thickness. Numerous contractile vacuoles are irregularly distributed near the protoplast surface of the cell (Hagen et al., 2002). These flagellated fast-growing vegetative cells predominate under favorable culture conditions in the early vegetative growth stage .<br /> <br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> Macrozooids may divide into 2–32 daughter cells by mitosis (Wayama et al., 2013) .Under unfavorable environmental or culture conditions, macrozooids start losing flagella, and expand their cell size. They form an amorphous multilayered structure in the inner regions of the extracellular matrix or the primary cell wall as they develop into non-motile “palmella” and become resting vegetative cells (Hagen et al., 2002) .With the continued environmental stress (i.e., nutrient deprivation, high light irradiance, high salinity) and cessation of cell division, “palmella” transform into the asexual “aplanospores” At this stage, cells contain two distinct structures, a thick and rigid trilaminar sheath, and secondary cell wall of acetolysis-resistant material. Such cells become resistant to prevailing extreme environmental conditions (Santos and Mesquita, 1984; Boussiba and Vonshak, 1991). Mature aplanospores; accumulate large amounts of secondary carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin, in lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm, which results in a characteristic bright red color of these cells (Hagen et al., 2002). Some H. pluvialis strains are reported to be capable of accumulating astaxanthin without forming aplanospores (Brinda et al., 2004). Once environmental or culture conditions return to optimal, red aplanospores germinate to form flagellated zoospores to initiate a new vegetative growth cycle gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> <br /> In some cases, gametogenesis may occur in aplanospores .Such process requires an exposure to extreme adverse conditions (freezing, desiccation, or nutrient starvation) followed by return to favorable culture conditions. During gametogenesis, aplanospore cells can produce up to 64 gametes which are known as microzooids. The microzooids are smaller in size (&lt; 10 μm) compared to the zoospores (20–50 μm), and exhibit high-speed motility after their release from gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> Habitat<br /> <br /> H. pluvialis is common in small transient freshwater bodies and widely distributed in many habitats worldwide. It occurs primarily in temporary water bodies like ephemeral rain pools, artificial pools, natural and man-made ponds, and birdbaths (Czygan, 1970; Burchardt et al., 2006). This microalga can be usually found in temperate regions around the world and has been isolated from Europe, Africa, North America, and Himachal Pradeslv India (Pringsheim, 1966; Suseela and Toppo, 2006). It has been also found across diverse environmental and climate conditions: in brackish water on the rocks on the seashore (Chekanov et al., 2014); freshwater basin in the rock filled with melted snow on Blomstrandhalvøya Island (Norway) (Klochkova et al., 2013); dried fountain near Rozhen, Blagoevgrad in Bulgaria Gacheva et al., 2015, freshwater fishpond in Bihor, Romania (Dragos et al., 2010); rooftop surface of a building of KIOST in Seoul Korea (Kim et al., 2015). It is well suited for survival under conditions of expeditious and extreme in light, temperature, and salt concentration that would be deleterious to many other microalgae, due to its ability to encyst (become enclosed by thick membrane) in a rapid manner (Proctor, 1957).<br /> <br /> Commercial Uses<br /> <br /> Many species of microalgae have been used as source of nutrient rich food, feed, and health promoting compounds. Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin which is considered as “super anti-oxidant.” Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly greater antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology/Haematococcus_pluvialis&diff=103170 2019-01-08T12:30:12Z

<p>Hoji1427: Created page with &quot;Haematococcus pluvialis Introduction “Green microalgae” comprise more than 7000 species growing in a variety of habitats. Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae, Volvocal...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>Haematococcus pluvialis<br /> Introduction <br /> “Green microalgae” comprise more than 7000 species growing in a variety of habitats. Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae, Volvocales) is unicellular fresh water microalga distributed in many habitats worldwide.<br /> The freshwater unicellular biflagellate green microalgae H. pluvialis Flotow belongs to the class Chlorophyceae, order Volvocales and family Haematococcaseae (Bold and Wynne, 1985; Eom et al., 2006). It is also known as Haematococcus lacustris or Sphaerella lacustris. Haematococcus was first described by J. Von Flotow in 1844 and later in 1899 Tracy Elliot Hazen extensively presented its biology and life cycle (Hazen, 1899; Leonardi et al., 2011).<br /> <br /> Physiology<br /> Cellular structure of H. pluvialis is similar to most of other members of volvocalean unicellular green algae. The life cycle of H. pluvialisconsists of four types of distinguishable cellular morphologies: macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, palmella, and hematocysts (aplanospores) (Hazen, 1899; Elliot, 1934). Macrozooids (zoospores), microzooids, and palmella stages are usually called “green vegetative phase” .Hematocysts (aplanospores) are referred as “red nonmotile astaxanthin accumulated encysted phase” of the H. pluvialis life cycle). Macrozooids (zoospores) are spherical, ellipsoidal, or pear-shaped cells with two flagella of equal length emerging from anterior end, and a cup-shaped chloroplast with numerous, scattered pyrenoids The macrozooid cells are between 8 and 20 μm long with a distinct gelatinous extracellular matrix of variable thickness. Numerous contractile vacuoles are irregularly distributed near the protoplast surface of the cell (Hagen et al., 2002). These flagellated fast-growing vegetative cells predominate under favorable culture conditions in the early vegetative growth stage .<br /> <br /> Reproduction<br /> Macrozooids may divide into 2–32 daughter cells by mitosis (Wayama et al., 2013) .Under unfavorable environmental or culture conditions, macrozooids start losing flagella, and expand their cell size. They form an amorphous multilayered structure in the inner regions of the extracellular matrix or the primary cell wall as they develop into non-motile “palmella” and become resting vegetative cells (Hagen et al., 2002) .With the continued environmental stress (i.e., nutrient deprivation, high light irradiance, high salinity) and cessation of cell division, “palmella” transform into the asexual “aplanospores” At this stage, cells contain two distinct structures, a thick and rigid trilaminar sheath, and secondary cell wall of acetolysis-resistant material. Such cells become resistant to prevailing extreme environmental conditions (Santos and Mesquita, 1984; Boussiba and Vonshak, 1991). Mature aplanospores; accumulate large amounts of secondary carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin, in lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm, which results in a characteristic bright red color of these cells (Hagen et al., 2002). Some H. pluvialis strains are reported to be capable of accumulating astaxanthin without forming aplanospores (Brinda et al., 2004). Once environmental or culture conditions return to optimal, red aplanospores germinate to form flagellated zoospores to initiate a new vegetative growth cycle gametocysts. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed in H. pluvialis, and has been largely replaced by vegetative reproduction (Triki et al., 1997).<br /> <br /> <br /> In some cases, gametogenesis may occur in aplanospores .Such process requires an exposure to extreme adverse conditions (freezing, desiccation, or nutrient starvation) followed by return to favorable culture conditions. During gametogenesis, aplanospore cells can produce up to 64 gametes which are known as microzooids. The microzooids are smaller in size (&lt; 10 μm) compared to the zoospores (20–50 μm), and exhibit high-speed motility after their release from<br /> Habitat<br /> H. pluvialis is common in small transient freshwater bodies and widely distributed in many habitats worldwide. It occurs primarily in temporary water bodies like ephemeral rain pools, artificial pools, natural and man-made ponds, and birdbaths (Czygan, 1970; Burchardt et al., 2006). This microalga can be usually found in temperate regions around the world and has been isolated from Europe, Africa, North America, and Himachal Pradeslv India (Pringsheim, 1966; Suseela and Toppo, 2006). It has been also found across diverse environmental and climate conditions: in brackish water on the rocks on the seashore (Chekanov et al., 2014); freshwater basin in the rock filled with melted snow on Blomstrandhalvøya Island (Norway) (Klochkova et al., 2013); dried fountain near Rozhen, Blagoevgrad in Bulgaria Gacheva et al., 2015, freshwater fishpond in Bihor, Romania (Dragos et al., 2010); rooftop surface of a building of KIOST in Seoul Korea (Kim et al., 2015). It is well suited for survival under conditions of expeditious and extreme in light, temperature, and salt concentration that would be deleterious to many other microalgae, due to its ability to encyst (become enclosed by thick membrane) in a rapid manner (Proctor, 1957).<br /> Commercial Uses<br /> Many species of microalgae have been used as source of nutrient rich food, feed, and health promoting compounds. Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin which is considered as “super anti-oxidant.” Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly greater antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology&diff=102077 2018-12-17T18:43:55Z

<p>Hoji1427: /* Students adopting microorganisms */</p> <hr /> <div>===Modul #1 – Introduction to Experimental Microbiology===<br /> <br /> [[File:_MG_5532.jpg|200px|thumb|left]]<br /> ''Lecturer:'' [[Julian Chollet]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Credits:'' 6 [[ECTS]], 4 [[SWS]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Date:'' 09.-11. November 2018 (09:00 – 17:00)&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Venue:'' [[Marienstraße 7b]], [[GMU:DIY BioLab|DIY BioLab]] (Room 202)&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;br style=&quot;clear: both&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Syllabus==<br /> This 3 day intensive course builds upon the practical skills acquired in the module “[[DIY Bio: doing things with biology]]” (by Mindaugas Gapsevicius) and aims to introduce you to the methodologies, project planning and experimental strategies in the natural sciences. While working in the [[GMU:DIY BioLab| DIY BioLab]] (Chair of Media Environments) you will learn how to think like a microbiologist and what it means to do scientific research. Educational objectives include literature research, experiment design, result documentation, discussion and scientific writing.<br /> <br /> The course will be structured in a flexible way, tailored to the needs of the participants and the program will be developed collaboratively. Attendance during the 3 days of the course, as well as the delivery of detailed project documentation (paper, artwork, etc.) until the end of the semester is required. <br /> For students without prior experience in biological research this module is a requirement for attending the module [[“Artistic research in Experimental Biology”]] (11. - 13. January 2019).<br /> <br /> ==Students==<br /> *[[GMU:CRITICAL VR LAB/Maria Degand|Maria Degand]]<br /> *[[/Maike Effenberg|Maike Effenberg]]<br /> *[[Henning Francik]]<br /> *[[Antje Danz]]<br /> *[[Dominik Lehmann]]<br /> *[[Paola S. Calderón]]<br /> *[[Abel Geressu]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:WS18]]<br /> [[Category:Werkmodul]]<br /> [[Category:Fachmodul]]<br /> [[Category:Julian Chollet]]<br /> <br /> ==Basic concepts==<br /> ===Life===<br /> &quot;There are over a 100 definitions for 'life' and all are wrong&quot; &lt;br&gt;<br /> http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170101-there-are-over-100-definitions-for-life-and-all-are-wrong<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life#Definitions &lt;br&gt;<br /> Since there is no unequivocal definition of life, most current definitions in biology are descriptive. Life is considered a characteristic of something that preserves, furthers or reinforces its existence in the given environment. This characteristic exhibits all or most of the following traits:<br /> Homeostasis <br /> Organization<br /> Metabolism<br /> Growth<br /> Adaptation<br /> Response to stimuli<br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> ===Organism===<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism &lt;br&gt;<br /> In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life. It is a synonym for &quot;life form&quot;.<br /> Organisms are classified by taxonomy into specified groups such as the multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; or unicellular microorganisms such as a protists, bacteria, and archaea. All types of organisms are capable of reproduction, growth and development, maintenance, and some degree of response to stimuli.<br /> <br /> ====Prokaryote====<br /> Prokaryotes are represented by two separate domains—bacteria and archaea.<br /> A unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.<br /> <br /> ====Eukaryote====<br /> Eukaryotic organisms are characterized by the presence of a membrane-bound cell nucleus and contain additional membrane-bound compartments called organelles (such as mitochondria in animals and plants and plastids in plants and algae, all generally considered to be derived from endosymbiotic bacteria). Fungi, animals and plants are examples of kingdoms of organisms within the eukaryotes.<br /> <br /> ===Microorganism===<br /> Living beings that are too small to be seen with the (human) eye.<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism &lt;br&gt;<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_interactions_with_microbes<br /> <br /> They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure or [...] high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms.<br /> <br /> Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures. <br /> <br /> The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.<br /> <br /> ===Cell biology / Molecular biology===<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology&lt;br&gt;<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology<br /> <br /> Cells consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids.<br /> <br /> A prokaryotic cell has three architectural regions: &lt;br&gt;<br /> 1) Enclosing the cell is the cell envelope &lt;br&gt;<br /> 2) Inside the cell is the cytoplasmic region that contains the genome (DNA), ribosomes and various sorts of inclusions.&lt;br&gt;<br /> 3) On the outside, flagella and pili project from the cell's surface. These are structures (not present in all prokaryotes) made of proteins that facilitate movement and communication between cells.&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Eukariotic cell<br /> The main distinguishing feature of eukaryotes as compared to prokaryotes is compartmentalization: the presence of membrane-bound organelles (compartments) in which specific activities take place. <br /> <br /> Most important among these is a cell nucleus - an organelle that houses the cell's DNA. This nucleus gives the eukaryote its name, which means &quot;true kernel (nucleus)&quot;.<br /> <br /> ==Suggested resources regarding the proposed projects/topics==<br /> <br /> ===Cytoplasmic streaming===<br /> * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasmic_streaming<br /> * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physarum_polycephalum<br /> * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uPsOVrDM-8<br /> * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZ_ocrDNABQ<br /> <br /> ===Superabsorber &amp; Microplastics===<br /> * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superabsorbent_polymer<br /> * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_polyacrylate<br /> <br /> ===Bioluminescence===<br /> *https://hackteria.org/wiki/Explorations_in_BioLuminescence<br /> *https://www.instructables.com/id/Bioluminescent-Bacterial-Lightbulb-Water-Polluti/<br /> <br /> ===Sonification of microbial activity===<br /> *https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonification<br /> *http://wiki.hackuarium.ch/w/Living_Instruments<br /> *https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYzrhptDX6o (some fancy MIT project )<br /> *http://soundmap.soundingsoil.ch/<br /> <br /> ==Projects==<br /> === Student extra Projects ===<br /> *[[/Microplastic Hybrids|Microorganism Hybrids]]<br /> *[[/SAP and Physarum|SAP and Physarum]]<br /> ----<br /> === Students adopting microorganisms ===<br /> *[[/Amoeba proteus|Amoeba proteus]]<br /> *[[/Armillaria gallica|Armillaria gallica]]<br /> *[[/Hydra Vulgaris|Hydra Vulgaris]]<br /> *[[/Haematococcus pluvialis|Haematococcus pluvialis]]<br /> <br /> ==Related Projects from the DIY Biolab @Bauhaus==<br /> *[[GMU:Board Games for Humans and Nonhumans/Maike Effenberg|Bio.match]] <br /> *[[GMU:Bioelectronics, aesthetics and other interesting things/PhyChip synthesiser|PhyChip synthesiser]]<br /> <br /> please add projects!! :)<br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> * [[GMU:DIY BioLab|DIY BioLab]]<br /> * [https://mikroBIOMIK.org/en mikroBIOMIK]</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology&diff=102076 2018-12-17T18:43:16Z

<p>Hoji1427: /* Students adopting microorganisms */</p> <hr /> <div>===Modul #1 – Introduction to Experimental Microbiology===<br /> <br /> [[File:_MG_5532.jpg|200px|thumb|left]]<br /> ''Lecturer:'' [[Julian Chollet]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Credits:'' 6 [[ECTS]], 4 [[SWS]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Date:'' 09.-11. November 2018 (09:00 – 17:00)&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Venue:'' [[Marienstraße 7b]], [[GMU:DIY BioLab|DIY BioLab]] (Room 202)&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;br style=&quot;clear: both&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Syllabus==<br /> This 3 day intensive course builds upon the practical skills acquired in the module “[[DIY Bio: doing things with biology]]” (by Mindaugas Gapsevicius) and aims to introduce you to the methodologies, project planning and experimental strategies in the natural sciences. While working in the [[GMU:DIY BioLab| DIY BioLab]] (Chair of Media Environments) you will learn how to think like a microbiologist and what it means to do scientific research. Educational objectives include literature research, experiment design, result documentation, discussion and scientific writing.<br /> <br /> The course will be structured in a flexible way, tailored to the needs of the participants and the program will be developed collaboratively. Attendance during the 3 days of the course, as well as the delivery of detailed project documentation (paper, artwork, etc.) until the end of the semester is required. <br /> For students without prior experience in biological research this module is a requirement for attending the module [[“Artistic research in Experimental Biology”]] (11. - 13. January 2019).<br /> <br /> ==Students==<br /> *[[GMU:CRITICAL VR LAB/Maria Degand|Maria Degand]]<br /> *[[/Maike Effenberg|Maike Effenberg]]<br /> *[[Henning Francik]]<br /> *[[Antje Danz]]<br /> *[[Dominik Lehmann]]<br /> *[[Paola S. Calderón]]<br /> *[[Abel Geressu]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:WS18]]<br /> [[Category:Werkmodul]]<br /> [[Category:Fachmodul]]<br /> [[Category:Julian Chollet]]<br /> <br /> ==Basic concepts==<br /> ===Life===<br /> &quot;There are over a 100 definitions for 'life' and all are wrong&quot; &lt;br&gt;<br /> http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170101-there-are-over-100-definitions-for-life-and-all-are-wrong<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life#Definitions &lt;br&gt;<br /> Since there is no unequivocal definition of life, most current definitions in biology are descriptive. Life is considered a characteristic of something that preserves, furthers or reinforces its existence in the given environment. This characteristic exhibits all or most of the following traits:<br /> Homeostasis <br /> Organization<br /> Metabolism<br /> Growth<br /> Adaptation<br /> Response to stimuli<br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> ===Organism===<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism &lt;br&gt;<br /> In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life. It is a synonym for &quot;life form&quot;.<br /> Organisms are classified by taxonomy into specified groups such as the multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; or unicellular microorganisms such as a protists, bacteria, and archaea. All types of organisms are capable of reproduction, growth and development, maintenance, and some degree of response to stimuli.<br /> <br /> ====Prokaryote====<br /> Prokaryotes are represented by two separate domains—bacteria and archaea.<br /> A unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.<br /> <br /> ====Eukaryote====<br /> Eukaryotic organisms are characterized by the presence of a membrane-bound cell nucleus and contain additional membrane-bound compartments called organelles (such as mitochondria in animals and plants and plastids in plants and algae, all generally considered to be derived from endosymbiotic bacteria). Fungi, animals and plants are examples of kingdoms of organisms within the eukaryotes.<br /> <br /> ===Microorganism===<br /> Living beings that are too small to be seen with the (human) eye.<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism &lt;br&gt;<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_interactions_with_microbes<br /> <br /> They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure or [...] high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms.<br /> <br /> Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures. <br /> <br /> The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.<br /> <br /> ===Cell biology / Molecular biology===<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology&lt;br&gt;<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology<br /> <br /> Cells consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids.<br /> <br /> A prokaryotic cell has three architectural regions: &lt;br&gt;<br /> 1) Enclosing the cell is the cell envelope &lt;br&gt;<br /> 2) Inside the cell is the cytoplasmic region that contains the genome (DNA), ribosomes and various sorts of inclusions.&lt;br&gt;<br /> 3) On the outside, flagella and pili project from the cell's surface. These are structures (not present in all prokaryotes) made of proteins that facilitate movement and communication between cells.&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Eukariotic cell<br /> The main distinguishing feature of eukaryotes as compared to prokaryotes is compartmentalization: the presence of membrane-bound organelles (compartments) in which specific activities take place. <br /> <br /> Most important among these is a cell nucleus - an organelle that houses the cell's DNA. This nucleus gives the eukaryote its name, which means &quot;true kernel (nucleus)&quot;.<br /> <br /> ==Suggested resources regarding the proposed projects/topics==<br /> <br /> ===Cytoplasmic streaming===<br /> * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasmic_streaming<br /> * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physarum_polycephalum<br /> * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uPsOVrDM-8<br /> * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZ_ocrDNABQ<br /> <br /> ===Superabsorber &amp; Microplastics===<br /> * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superabsorbent_polymer<br /> * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_polyacrylate<br /> <br /> ===Bioluminescence===<br /> *https://hackteria.org/wiki/Explorations_in_BioLuminescence<br /> *https://www.instructables.com/id/Bioluminescent-Bacterial-Lightbulb-Water-Polluti/<br /> <br /> ===Sonification of microbial activity===<br /> *https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonification<br /> *http://wiki.hackuarium.ch/w/Living_Instruments<br /> *https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYzrhptDX6o (some fancy MIT project )<br /> *http://soundmap.soundingsoil.ch/<br /> <br /> ==Projects==<br /> === Student extra Projects ===<br /> *[[/Microplastic Hybrids|Microorganism Hybrids]]<br /> *[[/SAP and Physarum|SAP and Physarum]]<br /> ----<br /> === Students adopting microorganisms ===<br /> *[[/Amoeba proteus|Amoeba proteus]]<br /> *[[/Armillaria gallica|Armillaria gallica]]<br /> *[[/Hydra Vulgaris|Hydra Vulgaris]]<br /> Haematococcus pluvialis<br /> <br /> ==Related Projects from the DIY Biolab @Bauhaus==<br /> *[[GMU:Board Games for Humans and Nonhumans/Maike Effenberg|Bio.match]] <br /> *[[GMU:Bioelectronics, aesthetics and other interesting things/PhyChip synthesiser|PhyChip synthesiser]]<br /> <br /> please add projects!! :)<br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> * [[GMU:DIY BioLab|DIY BioLab]]<br /> * [https://mikroBIOMIK.org/en mikroBIOMIK]</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Artistic_research_in_Experimental_Biology/Abel_Geressu&diff=101965 2018-12-10T10:42:09Z

<p>Hoji1427: Created page with &quot;Background B.Sc in Architecture and Urban planning i am currently persuing my graduate study in Media architecture. Project Idea 1 : Bio Facade As part my research in Bio fa...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>Background<br /> B.Sc in Architecture and Urban planning<br /> i am currently persuing my graduate study in Media architecture.<br /> <br /> Project Idea 1 : Bio Facade<br /> As part my research in Bio facade in my earlier interface design project module , i want to integrate the knowledge i gained from this course to asses the feasibility of the project.<br /> <br /> Buildings consume bout 40 % of the total energy produced in the US. This energy is used to mainly for ventilation and heating of buildings. Algae biofacades have shown to be practical for sustainable building design.Algae facade not only help in absorving radiation they have also became a source for bio fuel , food and constant source of oxygen .<br /> <br /> Project Idea 2 Smart furniture , Night light<br /> We put indoor plants to ornament our rooms.Most indoor plants also help in cooling the temprature of our room . Researches have shown that typical indoor plants like the snake plants can remove contaimating chemicals like deoxycarbons from our rooms .indoor plants like mostly requie less light and oxygen .therefore some indoor plants like the snake plant have been more preferable choice for indoor use.<br /> <br /> At end of the semister i want to develop a night light for my bed room that is also bioreactor for the spirullina algae .The algae night light will become a source of light for photosyntheis for algae and the algae inturn will be a constant source oxygen and food harvest . Like an indoor plant he Algae can help in removing carbon dioxide .Algae can also help in cooling the room temprature as the have believed to have helped in cooling the earthes atmosphere .</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology&diff=100839 2018-11-11T09:50:42Z

<p>Hoji1427: /* Students */</p> <hr /> <div>===Modul #1 – Introduction to Experimental Microbiology===<br /> <br /> [[File:_MG_5532.jpg|200px|thumb|left]]<br /> ''Lecturer:'' [[Julian Chollet]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Credits:'' 6 [[ECTS]], 4 [[SWS]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Date:'' 09.-11. November 2018 (09:00 – 17:00)&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Venue:'' [[Marienstraße 7b]], [[GMU:DIY BioLab|DIY BioLab]] (Room 202)&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;br style=&quot;clear: both&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Syllabus==<br /> This 3 day intensive course builds upon the practical skills acquired in the module “[[DIY Bio: doing things with biology]]” (by Mindaugas Gapsevicius) and aims to introduce you to the methodologies, project planning and experimental strategies in the natural sciences. While working in the [[GMU:DIY BioLab| DIY BioLab]] (Chair of Media Environments) you will learn how to think like a microbiologist and what it means to do scientific research. Educational objectives include literature research, experiment design, result documentation, discussion and scientific writing.<br /> <br /> The course will be structured in a flexible way, tailored to the needs of the participants and the program will be developed collaboratively. Attendance during the 3 days of the course, as well as the delivery of detailed project documentation (paper, artwork, etc.) until the end of the semester is required. <br /> For students without prior experience in biological research this module is a requirement for attending the module [[“Artistic research in Experimental Biology”]] (11. - 13. January 2019).<br /> <br /> ==Students==<br /> *[[GMU:CRITICAL VR LAB/Maria Degand|Maria Degand]]<br /> *[[/Maike Effenberg|Maike Effenberg]]<br /> *[[Henning Francik]]<br /> *[[Antje Danz]]<br /> *[[Niloofar Ghanavati]]<br /> *[[Dominik Lehmann]]<br /> *[[Paola Stephania]]<br /> *[[Abel Geressu]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:WS18]]<br /> [[Category:Werkmodul]]<br /> [[Category:Fachmodul]]<br /> [[Category:Julian Chollet]]<br /> <br /> ==Basic concepts==<br /> ===Life===<br /> &quot;There are over a 100 definitions for 'life' and all are wrong&quot; &lt;br&gt;<br /> http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170101-there-are-over-100-definitions-for-life-and-all-are-wrong<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life#Definitions &lt;br&gt;<br /> Since there is no unequivocal definition of life, most current definitions in biology are descriptive. Life is considered a characteristic of something that preserves, furthers or reinforces its existence in the given environment. This characteristic exhibits all or most of the following traits:<br /> Homeostasis <br /> Organization<br /> Metabolism<br /> Growth<br /> Adaptation<br /> Response to stimuli<br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> ===Organism===<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism &lt;br&gt;<br /> In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life. It is a synonym for &quot;life form&quot;.<br /> Organisms are classified by taxonomy into specified groups such as the multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; or unicellular microorganisms such as a protists, bacteria, and archaea. All types of organisms are capable of reproduction, growth and development, maintenance, and some degree of response to stimuli.<br /> <br /> ====Prokaryote====<br /> Prokaryotes are represented by two separate domains—bacteria and archaea.<br /> A unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.<br /> <br /> ====Eukaryote====<br /> Eukaryotic organisms are characterized by the presence of a membrane-bound cell nucleus and contain additional membrane-bound compartments called organelles (such as mitochondria in animals and plants and plastids in plants and algae, all generally considered to be derived from endosymbiotic bacteria). Fungi, animals and plants are examples of kingdoms of organisms within the eukaryotes.<br /> <br /> ===Microorganism===<br /> Living beings that are too small to be seen with the (human) eye.<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism &lt;br&gt;<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_interactions_with_microbes<br /> <br /> They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure or [...] high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms.<br /> <br /> Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures. <br /> <br /> The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.<br /> <br /> ===Cell biology / Molecular biology===<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology&lt;br&gt;<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology<br /> <br /> Cells consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids.<br /> <br /> A prokaryotic cell has three architectural regions: &lt;br&gt;<br /> 1) Enclosing the cell is the cell envelope &lt;br&gt;<br /> 2) Inside the cell is the cytoplasmic region that contains the genome (DNA), ribosomes and various sorts of inclusions.&lt;br&gt;<br /> 3) On the outside, flagella and pili project from the cell's surface. These are structures (not present in all prokaryotes) made of proteins that facilitate movement and communication between cells.&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Eukariotic cell<br /> The main distinguishing feature of eukaryotes as compared to prokaryotes is compartmentalization: the presence of membrane-bound organelles (compartments) in which specific activities take place. <br /> <br /> Most important among these is a cell nucleus - an organelle that houses the cell's DNA. This nucleus gives the eukaryote its name, which means &quot;true kernel (nucleus)&quot;.<br /> <br /> ==Suggested resources regarding the proposed projects/topics==<br /> <br /> ===Cytoplasmic streaming===<br /> * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasmic_streaming<br /> * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physarum_polycephalum<br /> * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uPsOVrDM-8<br /> * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZ_ocrDNABQ<br /> <br /> ===Superabsorber &amp; Microplastics===<br /> * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superabsorbent_polymer<br /> * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_polyacrylate<br /> <br /> ===Bioluminescence===<br /> *https://hackteria.org/wiki/Explorations_in_BioLuminescence<br /> *https://www.instructables.com/id/Bioluminescent-Bacterial-Lightbulb-Water-Polluti/<br /> <br /> ===Sonification of microbial activity===<br /> *https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonification<br /> *http://wiki.hackuarium.ch/w/Living_Instruments<br /> *https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYzrhptDX6o (some fancy MIT project )<br /> *http://soundmap.soundingsoil.ch/<br /> <br /> ==Projects==<br /> === Student extra Projects ===<br /> *[[/Microplastic Hybrids|Microorganism Hybrids]]<br /> *[[/SAP and Physarum|SAP and Physarum]]<br /> ----<br /> === Students adopting microorganisms ===<br /> *[[/Amoeba proteus|Amoeba proteus]]<br /> *[[/Armillaria gallica|Armillaria gallica]]<br /> <br /> ==Related Projects from the DIY Biolab @Bauhaus==<br /> *[[GMU:Board Games for Humans and Nonhumans/Maike Effenberg|Bio.match]] <br /> *[[GMU:Bioelectronics, aesthetics and other interesting things/PhyChip synthesiser|PhyChip synthesiser]]<br /> <br /> please add projects!! :)<br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> * [[GMU:DIY BioLab|DIY BioLab]]<br /> * [https://mikroBIOMIK.org/en mikroBIOMIK]</div>

Hoji1427 https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:Experimental_Microbiology&diff=100838 2018-11-11T09:50:17Z

<p>Hoji1427: /* Students */</p> <hr /> <div>===Modul #1 – Introduction to Experimental Microbiology===<br /> <br /> [[File:_MG_5532.jpg|200px|thumb|left]]<br /> ''Lecturer:'' [[Julian Chollet]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Credits:'' 6 [[ECTS]], 4 [[SWS]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Date:'' 09.-11. November 2018 (09:00 – 17:00)&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Venue:'' [[Marienstraße 7b]], [[GMU:DIY BioLab|DIY BioLab]] (Room 202)&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;br style=&quot;clear: both&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Syllabus==<br /> This 3 day intensive course builds upon the practical skills acquired in the module “[[DIY Bio: doing things with biology]]” (by Mindaugas Gapsevicius) and aims to introduce you to the methodologies, project planning and experimental strategies in the natural sciences. While working in the [[GMU:DIY BioLab| DIY BioLab]] (Chair of Media Environments) you will learn how to think like a microbiologist and what it means to do scientific research. Educational objectives include literature research, experiment design, result documentation, discussion and scientific writing.<br /> <br /> The course will be structured in a flexible way, tailored to the needs of the participants and the program will be developed collaboratively. Attendance during the 3 days of the course, as well as the delivery of detailed project documentation (paper, artwork, etc.) until the end of the semester is required. <br /> For students without prior experience in biological research this module is a requirement for attending the module [[“Artistic research in Experimental Biology”]] (11. - 13. January 2019).<br /> <br /> ==Students==<br /> *[[GMU:CRITICAL VR LAB/Maria Degand|Maria Degand]]<br /> *[[/Maike Effenberg|Maike Effenberg]]<br /> *[[Henning Francik]]<br /> *[[Antje Danz]]<br /> *[[Niloofar Ghanavati]]<br /> *[[Dominik Lehmann]]<br /> *[[Paola Stephania]]<br /> *[[Abel]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:WS18]]<br /> [[Category:Werkmodul]]<br /> [[Category:Fachmodul]]<br /> [[Category:Julian Chollet]]<br /> <br /> ==Basic concepts==<br /> ===Life===<br /> &quot;There are over a 100 definitions for 'life' and all are wrong&quot; &lt;br&gt;<br /> http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170101-there-are-over-100-definitions-for-life-and-all-are-wrong<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life#Definitions &lt;br&gt;<br /> Since there is no unequivocal definition of life, most current definitions in biology are descriptive. Life is considered a characteristic of something that preserves, furthers or reinforces its existence in the given environment. This characteristic exhibits all or most of the following traits:<br /> Homeostasis <br /> Organization<br /> Metabolism<br /> Growth<br /> Adaptation<br /> Response to stimuli<br /> Reproduction<br /> <br /> ===Organism===<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism &lt;br&gt;<br /> In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life. It is a synonym for &quot;life form&quot;.<br /> Organisms are classified by taxonomy into specified groups such as the multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; or unicellular microorganisms such as a protists, bacteria, and archaea. All types of organisms are capable of reproduction, growth and development, maintenance, and some degree of response to stimuli.<br /> <br /> ====Prokaryote====<br /> Prokaryotes are represented by two separate domains—bacteria and archaea.<br /> A unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.<br /> <br /> ====Eukaryote====<br /> Eukaryotic organisms are characterized by the presence of a membrane-bound cell nucleus and contain additional membrane-bound compartments called organelles (such as mitochondria in animals and plants and plastids in plants and algae, all generally considered to be derived from endosymbiotic bacteria). Fungi, animals and plants are examples of kingdoms of organisms within the eukaryotes.<br /> <br /> ===Microorganism===<br /> Living beings that are too small to be seen with the (human) eye.<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism &lt;br&gt;<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_interactions_with_microbes<br /> <br /> They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure or [...] high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms.<br /> <br /> Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures. <br /> <br /> The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.<br /> <br /> ===Cell biology / Molecular biology===<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology&lt;br&gt;<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology<br /> <br /> Cells consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids.<br /> <br /> A prokaryotic cell has three architectural regions: &lt;br&gt;<br /> 1) Enclosing the cell is the cell envelope &lt;br&gt;<br /> 2) Inside the cell is the cytoplasmic region that contains the genome (DNA), ribosomes and various sorts of inclusions.&lt;br&gt;<br /> 3) On the outside, flagella and pili project from the cell's surface. These are structures (not present in all prokaryotes) made of proteins that facilitate movement and communication between cells.&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Eukariotic cell<br /> The main distinguishing feature of eukaryotes as compared to prokaryotes is compartmentalization: the presence of membrane-bound organelles (compartments) in which specific activities take place. <br /> <br /> Most important among these is a cell nucleus - an organelle that houses the cell's DNA. This nucleus gives the eukaryote its name, which means &quot;true kernel (nucleus)&quot;.<br /> <br /> ==Suggested resources regarding the proposed projects/topics==<br /> <br /> ===Cytoplasmic streaming===<br /> * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasmic_streaming<br /> * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physarum_polycephalum<br /> * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uPsOVrDM-8<br /> * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZ_ocrDNABQ<br /> <br /> ===Superabsorber &amp; Microplastics===<br /> * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superabsorbent_polymer<br /> * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_polyacrylate<br /> <br /> ===Bioluminescence===<br /> *https://hackteria.org/wiki/Explorations_in_BioLuminescence<br /> *https://www.instructables.com/id/Bioluminescent-Bacterial-Lightbulb-Water-Polluti/<br /> <br /> ===Sonification of microbial activity===<br /> *https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonification<br /> *http://wiki.hackuarium.ch/w/Living_Instruments<br /> *https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYzrhptDX6o (some fancy MIT project )<br /> *http://soundmap.soundingsoil.ch/<br /> <br /> ==Projects==<br /> === Student extra Projects ===<br /> *[[/Microplastic Hybrids|Microorganism Hybrids]]<br /> *[[/SAP and Physarum|SAP and Physarum]]<br /> ----<br /> === Students adopting microorganisms ===<br /> *[[/Amoeba proteus|Amoeba proteus]]<br /> *[[/Armillaria gallica|Armillaria gallica]]<br /> <br /> ==Related Projects from the DIY Biolab @Bauhaus==<br /> *[[GMU:Board Games for Humans and Nonhumans/Maike Effenberg|Bio.match]] <br /> *[[GMU:Bioelectronics, aesthetics and other interesting things/PhyChip synthesiser|PhyChip synthesiser]]<br /> <br /> please add projects!! :)<br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> * [[GMU:DIY BioLab|DIY BioLab]]<br /> * [https://mikroBIOMIK.org/en mikroBIOMIK]</div>

Hoji1427